Hope for the Forgotten: Tackling Endemic Parasitic Diseases with New Tools and Ideas

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Infection Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 799

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Unidad de Biotecnología y Protozoarios (UBIPRO), Instituto de Patología Experimental “Dr. Miguel Ángel Basombrío”, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta A4408FVY, Argentina
Interests: trypanosomatids; vaccine development; host-pathogen interaction; drug repourposing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) caused by endemic parasites continue to impose a heavy burden on global health, particularly in low-resource regions. This Special Issue focuses on advancing our understanding of endemic parasitic diseases through innovative basic and translational research. We welcome original research and reviews that explore the molecular biology, host–parasite interactions, and adaptive strategies of parasites thriving in tropical environments. Key themes include the following:

  • Virulence mechanisms and immune evasion in parasitic infections.
  • Host–parasite interactions at the cellular and molecular levels.
  • Genomic and metabolic adaptations of parasites to tropical climates.
  • Identification of molecular targets for diagnostics and therapeutic development.
  • Novel vaccine strategies targeting parasitic pathogens.
  • Drug discovery and repositioning, including preclinical studies of repurposed compounds for parasitic NTDs.

By bringing together new tools and ideas, this Special Issue aims to foster hope for affected populations and stimulate interdisciplinary approaches to combat these oft-overlooked diseases.

Dr. Cecilia Perez Brandán
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • parasitic diseases
  • neglected tropical diseases (NTDs)
  • host–parasite interactions
  • virulence mechanisms
  • immune evasion
  • molecular pathogenesis
  • genomic adaptations
  • drug discovery
  • drug repurposing
  • vaccine development
  • diagnostic biomarkers
  • tropical medicine
  • endemic infections

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4171 KB  
Article
Biparental Inheritance and Instability of kDNA in Experimental Hybrids of Trypanosoma cruzi: A Proposal for a Mechanism
by Nicolás Tomasini, Tatiana Ponce, Fanny Rusman, Soledad Hodi, Noelia Floridia-Yapur, Anahí Guadalupe Díaz, Juan José Aguirre, Gabriel Machado Matos, Björn Andersson, Michael D. Lewis and Patricio Diosque
Biology 2025, 14(10), 1394; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14101394 - 11 Oct 2025
Viewed by 135
Abstract
The mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomatid parasites consists of thousands of catenated minicircles and dozens of maxicircles that form a complex network structure, the kinetoplast (kDNA). Although kDNA replication and segregation during mitotic division are well studied, its inheritance during genetic exchange events remains [...] Read more.
The mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomatid parasites consists of thousands of catenated minicircles and dozens of maxicircles that form a complex network structure, the kinetoplast (kDNA). Although kDNA replication and segregation during mitotic division are well studied, its inheritance during genetic exchange events remains unclear. In Trypanosoma brucei, hybrids inherit minicircles biparentally but retain maxicircles from a single parent. Although biparental inheritance of minicircles has been described in natural Trypanosoma cruzi hybrids, this process has not been explored in laboratory-generated hybrids of this parasite. In the present study, we analyzed kDNA inheritance in T. cruzi experimental hybrids using a comprehensive minicircle hypervariable region (mHVR) database and genome sequencing data. Our findings revealed biparental inheritance of minicircles, with hybrid lines retaining mHVRs from both parents for over 800 generations. In contrast, maxicircles were exclusively inherited from one parent. Unexpectedly, we observed an increase in kDNA content in hybrids, affecting both minicircles and maxicircles, and exhibiting instability over time. To explain these findings, we propose a Replicative Mixing (REMIX) model, where the hybrid inherits one kinetoplast from each parent and they are replicated allowing minicircle mixing. Instead maxicircle networks remain physically separated, leading to uniparental fixation after segregation in the first cell division of the hybrid. This model challenges previous assumptions regarding kDNA inheritance and provides a new framework for understanding kinetoplast dynamics in hybrid trypanosomes. Full article
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19 pages, 4885 KB  
Article
Induction of Sustained Immunity Following Vaccination with Live Attenuated Trypanosoma cruzi Parasites Combined with Saponin-Based Adjuvants
by Brenda A. Zabala, María Elisa Vázquez, Daniela E. Barraza, Andrea C. Mesías, Federico Ramos, Alejandro Uncos, Iván S. Marcipar, Leonardo Acuña and Cecilia Pérez Brandán
Biology 2025, 14(9), 1298; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14091298 - 20 Sep 2025
Viewed by 470
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a major health concern in Latin America, particularly affecting low-income and rural communities. Among the many vaccine strategies explored, live attenuated parasites have shown the strongest ability to trigger protective immune responses. In this study, [...] Read more.
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a major health concern in Latin America, particularly affecting low-income and rural communities. Among the many vaccine strategies explored, live attenuated parasites have shown the strongest ability to trigger protective immune responses. In this study, we investigated whether adding saponin-based adjuvants—Immunostimulant Particle Adjuvant (ISPA) and Quil-A—could improve the effectiveness and safety of a live parasite attenuated T. cruzi vaccine. Mice were vaccinated with a T. cruzi attenuated strain (TCC) alone or in combination with each adjuvant, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) subtypes in the serum of vaccinated mice, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the supernatants of stimulated cells were measured at two weeks and twelve months post-vaccination. While protection levels were similar across all groups, the adjuvants assist in modulating the immune response over time: ISPA and Quil-A initially shifted antibody production toward IgG1 but later favored a balanced TH1/TH2 profile. ISPA also promoted long-term regulation through increased IL-10. Both adjuvants reduced tissue inflammation and enhanced clearance of vaccine-derived parasites. These findings suggest that while adjuvants may not boost protection directly, they significantly improve vaccine safety and immune quality, reinforcing their value in developing better vaccines for Chagas disease. Full article
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