Diet and Environmental Stress Impacts on Farm Animal Production

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Zoology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2025) | Viewed by 1985

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
Interests: animal production; feed types; feed preparation; feed additives; diet quality and palatability; climate variability; housing environment
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Guest Editor
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
Interests: animal production; feed types; feed preparation; feed additives; diet quality and palatability; climate variability; housing environment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Livestock diets are not just about feeding but ensuring that each animal within a given environment receives a balanced profile of nutrients to meet its maintenance and production needs. A consistent availability of certain feedstuffs leads to more profitable and sustainable agriculture. The growing demand for sustainable animal production has put considerable pressure on feed manufacturing companies, animal breeding companies, equipment and infrastructure developers, and farmers on the ground to consider the welfare of animals pertaining to quality standards in dietary formulation and additive supplementation, housing conditions, as well as water availability. Housing environment, handling facilities, and stocking density in both intensive and extensive systems can induce stress in animals. Stress is a sensory reaction that initiates the fight-or-flight response, composed of both endocrine and neurologic factors that affect animal liveability. Nutritionally, reliable sources for quality water are critical in making sure that an animal eats, digests its feed, remains productive, and maintains its well-being. When an animal is deprived of water, environmental and physiological stressors predispose the animal to poor health at different stages of the supply chain. Climate change hazards result in several stressors emanating from drought, floods, disease outbreaks, agronomic-ecological effects on crop growth and post-harvest quality, temperature variability, and land carrying capacity. 

The topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Dietary strategies for relieving stress in farm animals;
  • Diet–environment nexus in preventing stress in farm animals;
  • Feed preparation and additive supplementation under different farming environments;
  • Feed manufacturing technologies to optimize digestive physiology and animal productivity;
  • Climate variability effects on crop quality, milling, and feed raw materials mixing precision;
  • Welfare effects on animal feeding behavior and productivity.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Thobela Nkukwana
Prof. Dr. Michael Chimonyo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • animal production
  • feed types
  • feed preparation
  • feed additives
  • diet quality and palatability
  • climate variability
  • housing environment

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

27 pages, 1375 KB  
Article
Environmental Enrichment and Agonistic Behavior in Post-Weaning Pigs: A Pilot Study Using Artificial Intelligence
by Md Kamrul Hasan, Hong-Seok Mun, Keiven Mark B. Ampode, Eddiemar B. Lagua, Md Sharifuzzaman, Jin-Gu Kang, Young-Hwa Kim, Ahsan Mehtab, Hae-Rang Park and Chul-Ju Yang
Biology 2026, 15(3), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15030255 - 30 Jan 2026
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 887
Abstract
Weaning is a major stressor for pigs, often increasing agonistic behaviors such as aggression, ear biting, and tail biting, which can impair growth and welfare. This study evaluated the combined effect of rubber sticks and Italian ryegrass hay as environmental enrichment (EE) on [...] Read more.
Weaning is a major stressor for pigs, often increasing agonistic behaviors such as aggression, ear biting, and tail biting, which can impair growth and welfare. This study evaluated the combined effect of rubber sticks and Italian ryegrass hay as environmental enrichment (EE) on growth performance, agonistic behavior, ear and tail biting lesion development, fecal consistency, and blood biochemical parameters. A total of 64 pigs (8 pigs × 4 pens × 2 groups) at 7 weeks of age were assigned to control (without EE) and treatment (with EE) groups for four weeks. Pens were the experimental unit for growth, fecal scores, lesion scoring, and behavioral outcomes. Growth and fecal consistency were measured weekly, while ear and tail lesions were scored at the end. Agonistic behavior was quantified using overhead RGB cameras and a YOLOv8-based AI system with high accuracy, mAP50 = 0.953, validated against manual observations, with behavioral outputs aggregated at the pen level from a single representative pen per group. Combined EE reduced lesion severity, lowered free fatty acids, improved fecal consistency, and decreased agonistic behavior, without affecting growth. AI-based monitoring offers a promising tool for quantifying social stress, although further studies with greater pen-level replication are warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Environmental Stress Impacts on Farm Animal Production)
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