Advanced Imaging Techniques for Neuroscience

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosignal Processing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2026) | Viewed by 2036

Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Radiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26508, USA
Interests: MRI; neuroradiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Innovative imaging techniques have revolutionized our ability to understand the brain’s fine machinery, map complex behavioral and mental processes, and provide exceptional detail of disease states. As researchers pioneer new modalities and sequences of neuroimaging, clinicians are using next-generation imaging to help tailor therapies for disease. Radiologists play a crucial role in using advanced imaging techniques to better understand disease states and provide thoughtful differential diagnoses. Machine learning has recently entered the arena and is valuable for refining image quality and acquisition as well as large-scale data analysis.

This Special Issue will explore a wide array of advanced neuroimaging techniques and their applications. Topics include, but are not limited to, ultra-high-field MRI (≥7 T), functional MRI (fMRI), connectomics, MR spectroscopy, molecular imaging, perfusion imaging in stroke and brain tumors, PET/MR, vessel wall imaging, and machine learning.

The papers contributed to this Special Issue will provide valuable insights into the application of advanced neuroimaging techniques in a wide variety of pathologies. The audience will walk away with a better diagnostic toolkit for challenging scenarios. Whenever possible, the power of machine learning in image generation, diagnosis, and research will be discussed.

Dr. Dhairya A. Lakhani
Guest Editor

Dr. Justin McCloskey
Guest Editor Assistant
Email: justin.mccloskey@hsc.wvu.edu
Department of Radiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26508, USA
Interests: neuroradiology 

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Keywords

  • machine learning
  • functional MRI (fMRI)
  • resting-state fMRI
  • ultra-high-field MRI
  • connectomics
  • MR spectroscopy
  • molecular imaging
  • MR perfusion
  • high-grade glioma
  • ischemic stroke
  • vessel wall imaging
  • neurodegenerative disease
  • PET/MR

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

22 pages, 7011 KB  
Article
A Low-Parameter Adaptive Framework Based on Gaussian Mixture Modeling for Detecting Weak Astrocytic Calcium Signals in Two-Photon Imaging
by Jiameng Xu, Huiquan Wang, Shaofan Yang, Xiang Liao, Kuan Zhang and Guang Zhang
Bioengineering 2026, 13(5), 528; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13050528 - 30 Apr 2026
Viewed by 1706
Abstract
Two-photon microscopy enables in vivo imaging of astrocytic Ca2+ activity, yet detecting weak, transient, and background-coupled signals remains challenging due to low signal-to-noise ratios and heterogeneous noise. Here, we propose a low-parameter, adaptive framework for detecting weak astrocytic Ca2+ signals in [...] Read more.
Two-photon microscopy enables in vivo imaging of astrocytic Ca2+ activity, yet detecting weak, transient, and background-coupled signals remains challenging due to low signal-to-noise ratios and heterogeneous noise. Here, we propose a low-parameter, adaptive framework for detecting weak astrocytic Ca2+ signals in two-photon imaging. After short-window frame accumulation, static background suppression, and Gaussian smoothing to stabilize intensity statistics, signal candidates are identified via segment-wise Gaussian mixture modeling, temporal persistence masking, and adaptive threshold updates. In simulated videos, the proposed method improved the Dice coefficient from 0.06 to 0.77 and increased the reference SNR from −9.82 to 3.40 dB. In in vivo recordings, the local SNR increased from 5.58 to 7.28 dB. Compared with fixed thresholding, AQuA, and AQuA2, our method was more robust under high-noise conditions while requiring only three user-defined parameters (minimum area, minimum duration, and an initialization coefficient). This framework provides an interpretable and computationally practical front-end module for the robust extraction of astrocytic Ca2+ signal in low-SNR two-photon imaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Imaging Techniques for Neuroscience)
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