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Bioengineering
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Applications of Biomaterials in Dental Medicine
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Applications of Biomaterials in Dental Medicine

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2026) | Viewed by 9216

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Alfredo De Rosa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento Multidisciplinare di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
Interests: biomaterial; regenerative and reconstructive medicine; bone and tissue regeneration; implants; dental medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dental medicine is a field that constantly evolves with the advances in technology and materials science. Biomaterials play a crucial role in modern dental practice, offering innovative solutions for various dental procedures and treatments. This Special Issue aims to highlight the diverse applications of biomaterials in dental medicine, showcasing the latest research and developments in the field.

From dental implants to orthodontic braces, biomaterials have revolutionized the way dental procedures are carried out, improving patient outcomes and enhancing treatment efficacy. The integration of biomaterials in dental medicine has also led to the development of new approaches for preventing and treating oral diseases, ultimately contributing to the overall oral health of individuals.

This Special Issue invites researchers and experts in the field of bioengineering to contribute their original research, reviews, and perspectives on the applications of biomaterials in dental medicine. By bringing together the latest advancements and insights, we aim to create a comprehensive resource that will inspire further innovation and progress in the field of dental biomaterials.

Dr. Alfredo De Rosa
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Bioengineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomaterials
  • dental medicine
  • dental implants
  • orthodontics
  • oral health

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 6169 KB  
Article
Effect of Internal Structural Design on Stress Distribution in 3D-Printed Subperiosteal Implants Under Mechanical Loading
by Ádám Vörös, Balázs Lőrincz, János Kónya and Ibolya Zsoldos
Bioengineering 2026, 13(3), 368; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13030368 - 20 Mar 2026
Viewed by 653
Abstract
Custom-made subperiosteal implants are increasingly used in clinical cases where significant bone loss due to trauma or disease renders conventional endosseous implant placement unfeasible. This study investigated how different internal structural designs affect the deformation and stress distribution in mandibular subperiosteal implants under [...] Read more.
Custom-made subperiosteal implants are increasingly used in clinical cases where significant bone loss due to trauma or disease renders conventional endosseous implant placement unfeasible. This study investigated how different internal structural designs affect the deformation and stress distribution in mandibular subperiosteal implants under clinically relevant loading conditions. An idealized implant geometry was defined based on average human mandibular dimensions, and four configurations with identical outer shape and connection features were created, differing only in sidewall architecture (solid, top-relieved, top-relieved with lateral perforations, and top-relieved lattice framework). All specimens were manufactured by metal additive manufacturing and evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Mechanical testing was performed in two stages: (i) cyclic loading consisting of 500 bite cycles at an overall force of ~326–350 N and (ii) a single static high-load event of 2000 N, applied parallel to the fixation pin axes. CT datasets acquired before and after each stage were compared to detect permanent deformation. No measurable residual deformation was identified in any configuration; the only observed macroscopic change was an adhesive-bond limitation in one case, rather than structural yielding of the implant. Finite element analysis further supported these findings by identifying localized stress concentrations mainly at the implant–prosthetic interface and by revealing the load-transfer zones that govern the mechanical response. Overall, the results indicate that lightweight, perforated, and lattice-based internal designs can preserve global structural integrity across physiological and supra-physiological load ranges while enabling design optimization to improve stress distribution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Biomaterials in Dental Medicine)
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21 pages, 8924 KB  
Article
Physicochemical and Mechanical Characterization of Two Self-Curing Composite Resins for Direct Provisional Prostheses
by Oscar Javier Valencia Blanco, Saray Fernández-Hernández, Hector de Llanos-Lanchares, Miquel Punset Fuste, José Angel Delgado García-Menocal, Javier Gil Mur and Aritza Brizuela Velasco
Bioengineering 2025, 12(9), 996; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12090996 - 18 Sep 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 973
Abstract
In this experimental in vitro study, both the physicochemical and mechanical properties of two self-curing dental composites were compared: Structur 3 (based on Bis-GMA) and Visco III (based on Bis-EMA), which are used for the direct fabrication of temporary dental prostheses. The properties [...] Read more.
In this experimental in vitro study, both the physicochemical and mechanical properties of two self-curing dental composites were compared: Structur 3 (based on Bis-GMA) and Visco III (based on Bis-EMA), which are used for the direct fabrication of temporary dental prostheses. The properties evaluated included flexural strength, toughness, hydrophilicity (measured using the contact angle), density, microhardness, water absorption, and wear and scratch resistance. In terms of flexural strength, Structur 3 exhibited a higher value (127 ± 16 MPa) than Visco III (103 ± 25 MPa). In addition, the dental composite based on Bis-GMA showed a higher toughness (36.52 ± 9.20 mJ) compared to 16.55 ± 7.55 mJ for the dental composite based on Bis-EMA) and a greater displacement to fracture (2.50 ± 0.38 mm compared to 1.72 ± 0.38 mm). However, Visco III showed a higher microhardness (17.045 ± 0.93 HV0.5) compared to Structur 3 (8.10 ± 0.76 HV0.5) and a lower water absorption (11.2 ± 0.4 µg/mm3 compared to Structur 3). In wear tests, Structur 3 showed greater wear (0.047 ± 0.021 mm2 wear channel area) compared to Visco III (0.031 ± 0.013 mm2). Density analysis showed that Visco III is denser (1.5917 ± 0.006 g/cm3) than Structur 3 (1.324 ± 0.005 g/cm3). Fractography analysis showed that both dental composites exhibited brittle fractures. Contact angle tests revealed a similar hydrophilicity of both dental composites with values below 90°. These differences in properties may be influenced by the filler composition of the two dental composites, as Visco III contains macro-fillers with elements such as aluminum and barium, which increase radiopacity. The conclusion is that Visco III is preferable in terms of durability and resistance, while Structur 3 is more suitable for applications that require flexibility, such as in provisional prostheses with pontics or in situations that require high esthetic quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Biomaterials in Dental Medicine)
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Review

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18 pages, 309 KB  
Review
Next-Generation Biomaterials for Vital Pulp Therapy: Exploring Biological Properties and Dentin Regeneration Mechanisms
by Vidhyashree Rajasekar, Mohamed Mahmoud Abdalla, Mengyu Huang, Prasanna Neelakantan and Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu
Bioengineering 2025, 12(3), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12030248 - 28 Feb 2025
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6959
Abstract
The advancement of Vital Pulp Therapy (VPT) in dentistry has shown remarkable progress, with a focus on innovative materials and scaffolds to facilitate reparative dentin formation and tissue regeneration. A comprehensive search strategy was performed across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using [...] Read more.
The advancement of Vital Pulp Therapy (VPT) in dentistry has shown remarkable progress, with a focus on innovative materials and scaffolds to facilitate reparative dentin formation and tissue regeneration. A comprehensive search strategy was performed across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using keywords such as “vital pulp therapy”, “biomaterials”, “dentin regeneration”, and “growth factors”, with filters for English language studies published in the last 10 years. The inclusion criteria focused on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies evaluating traditional and next-generation biomaterials for pulp capping and tissue regeneration. Due to the limitations of calcium-based cements in tissue regeneration, next-generation biomaterials like gelatin, chitosan, alginate, platelet-rich fibrins (PRF), demineralized dentin matrix (DDM), self-assembling peptides, and DNA-based nanomaterials were explored for their enhanced biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and regenerative potential. These biomaterials hold great potential in enhancing VPT outcomes, but further research is required to understand their efficacy and impact on dentin reparative properties. This review explores the mechanisms and properties of biomaterials in dentin tissue regeneration, emphasizing key features that enhance tissue regeneration. These features include biomaterial sources, physicochemical properties, and biological characteristics that support cells and functions. The discussion also covers the biomaterials’ capability to encapsulate growth factors for dentin repair. The development of innovative biomaterials and next-generation scaffold materials presents exciting opportunities for advancing VPT in dentistry, with the potential to improve clinical outcomes and promote tissue regeneration in a safe and effective manner. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Biomaterials in Dental Medicine)
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