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Fundamentals and Novel Applications of Fluid Mechanics, Biomechanics, and Acoustics...
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Fundamentals and Novel Applications of Fluid Mechanics, Biomechanics, and Acoustics in Biomedical Engineering, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2025 | Viewed by 3374

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Iris Little

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
Interests: computational methods to assess pathophysiology of aortic and airway disease; turner syndrome; growth disorders; pubertal disorders
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Ephraim Gutmark

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Aerospace Engineering & Engineering Mechanics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
Interests: computational biomedical engineering; Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD); Flow-Structure Interaction (FSI); biomedical measurement techniques; respiratory system; voice; hemodynamics; medical devices
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Following the success of the first Special Issue of “Fundamentals and Applications of Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics in Biomedical Engineering”, we decided to proceed with a second collection with additional topics. The first Special Issue accepted 14 papers from reputable authors. During a period of less than 1 year, the papers were viewed over 22,000 time, with nearly 6500 downloads and 39 citations. The Special Issue has recently been published in a book (https://www.mdpi.com/books/reprint/10422).

The field of biomedical engineering has recently experienced important advances in experimental, computational, and analytical research in fluid mechanics, biomechanics, and acoustics. New imaging modalities, advanced instrumentation, and efficient computational methodologies have enabled these advances. The findings contribute to a better understanding of physiological processes in the circulatory, respiratory, urinary, and skeletal systems, as well as phonation, and have already led to new therapies that will promote better human health. The early diagnosis of diseases, monitoring of their progression, patient-specific treatments, surgical planning, and new medical devices are some examples of these transformative achievements.

This Special Issue will focus on original research papers and comprehensive reviews of the “Fundamentals and Novel Applications of Fluid Mechanics, Biomechanics, and Acoustics in Biomedical Engineering”. It will highlight recent developments in these areas and encourage further scientific contributions and discussions. Topics of interest for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. General Topics
    1. Advanced computational biomechanical applications, such as computational fluid dynamics, flow–structure interaction, Finite element analysis (FEA), artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning.
    2. Innovative experimental and imaging techniques in bioflows, bioacoustics, and biomechanics relevant to the human body.
    3. Device development and translational technology.
  2. Hemodynamics
    1. Multiscale and multiphysics modeling of the cardiovascular system.
    2. Cardiovascular imaging (flow, wall motion, and impact on tissue).
    3. Experiments on and modeling of cardiovascular and cerebral blood flow.
    4. Medical devices, valvular dynamics, and wave propagation.
  3. Respiratory system
    1. Airway collapsibility in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
    2. Nasal and oral breathing.
    3. Airway resistance and Starling resistor.
  4. Voice and Speech Production and General Acoustics
    1. Aerodynamics of voice production.
    2. Biomechanics of the larynx and interaction with flow.
    3. Acoustics-based diagnostics of medical conditions.
  5. Skeletal biomechanics and device applications
    1. Computational stress analysis and experimental validation.
    2. Patient-specific modeling of hard and soft tissue.

Dr. Iris Little
Prof. Dr. Ephraim Gutmark
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Bioengineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hemodynamics
  • cardiovascular flow
  • sleep
  • airway
  • voice
  • bioacoustics
  • biomechanics
  • bioflows
  • CFD
  • FSI
  • AI
  • ML

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  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 1625 KiB  
Article
Flow Characteristics by Blood Speckle Imaging in Non-Stenotic Congenital Aortic Root Disease Surrounding Valve-Preserving Operations
by Shihao Liu, Justin T. Tretter, Lama Dakik, Hani K. Najm, Debkalpa Goswami, Jennifer K. Ryan and Elias Sundström
Bioengineering 2025, 12(7), 776; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12070776 - 17 Jul 2025
Viewed by 260
Abstract
Contemporary evaluation and surgical approaches in congenital aortic valve disease have yielded limited success. The ability to evaluate and understand detailed flow characteristics surrounding surgical repair may be beneficial. This study explores the feasibility and utility of echocardiographic-based blood speckle imaging (BSI) in [...] Read more.
Contemporary evaluation and surgical approaches in congenital aortic valve disease have yielded limited success. The ability to evaluate and understand detailed flow characteristics surrounding surgical repair may be beneficial. This study explores the feasibility and utility of echocardiographic-based blood speckle imaging (BSI) in assessing pre- and post-operative flow characteristics in those with non-stenotic congenital aortic root disease undergoing aortic valve repair or valve-sparing root replacement (VSRR) surgery. Transesophageal echocardiogram was performed during the pre-operative and post-operative assessment surrounding aortic surgery for ten patients with non-stenotic congenital aortic root disease. BSI, utilizing block-matching algorithms, enabled detailed visualization and quantification of flow parameters from the echocardiographic data. Post-operative BSI unveiled enhanced hemodynamic patterns, characterized by quantified changes suggestive of the absence of stenosis and no more than trivial regurgitation. Rectification of an asymmetric jet and the reversal of flow on the posterior aspect of the ascending aorta resulted in a reduced oscillatory shear index (OSI) of 0.0543±0.0207 (pre-op) vs. 0.0275±0.0159 (post-op) and p=0.0044, increased peak wall shear stress of 1.9423±0.6974 (pre-op) vs. 3.6956±1.4934 (post-op) and p=0.0035, and increased time-averaged wall shear stress of 0.6885±0.8004 (pre-op) vs. 0.8312±0.303 (post-op) and p=0.23. This correction potentially attenuates cellular alterations within the endothelium. This study demonstrates that children and young adults with non-stenotic congenital aortic root disease undergoing valve-preserving operations experience significant improvements in flow dynamics within the left ventricular outflow tract and aortic root, accompanied by a reduction in OSI. These hemodynamic enhancements extend beyond the conventional echocardiographic assessments, offering immediate and valuable insights into the efficacy of surgical interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fundamentals and Novel Applications of Fluid Mechanics, Biomechanics, and Acoustics in Biomedical Engineering, 2nd Edition)
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20 pages, 2303 KiB  
Article
Dynamically Quantifying Vocal Fold Thickness: Effects of Medialization Implant Location on Glottal Shape and Phonation
by Charles Farbos de Luzan, Jacob Michaud-Dorko, Rebecca J. Howell, Ephraim Gutmark and Liran Oren
Bioengineering 2025, 12(6), 667; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12060667 - 18 Jun 2025
Viewed by 631
Abstract
Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) can lead to significant dysphonia. Medialization thyroplasty type 1 (TT1) is a common surgical intervention aiming at improving vocal quality by optimally positioning the paralyzed fold to generate the necessary vibrations for phonation. Implants are generally placed through [...] Read more.
Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) can lead to significant dysphonia. Medialization thyroplasty type 1 (TT1) is a common surgical intervention aiming at improving vocal quality by optimally positioning the paralyzed fold to generate the necessary vibrations for phonation. Implants are generally placed through the thyroid cartilage in a sedated patient and positioned either underneath the level of the vocal folds (infraglottal medialization or IM) or at the level of the vocal folds (glottal medialization or GM). Using high-speed three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) in an ex vivo canine hemilarynx model, this study explores the impact of implant location, specifically IM versus GM on the pre-phonatory and dynamic vertical thickness, glottal divergence, flow rate (Q), and cepstral peak prominence (CPP) under varying adduction and subglottal pressure conditions. IM consistently increased glottal divergence and dynamic vertical thickness, particularly in under-adducted states (AL1), despite producing lower static thickness than GM. CPP remained unaffected by the implant condition, but Q decreased significantly with IM under AL1, indicating enhanced glottal resistance and closure. These findings suggest that IM may offer superior functional outcomes by restoring divergent glottal shaping and improving vibratory efficiency. This study also introduces a validated method for dynamically quantifying vocal fold thickness and emphasizes the importance of implant depth in medialization thyroplasty strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fundamentals and Novel Applications of Fluid Mechanics, Biomechanics, and Acoustics in Biomedical Engineering, 2nd Edition)
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15 pages, 7016 KiB  
Article
Finite Element Analysis of the Effects of Different Shapes of Adult Cranial Sutures on Their Mechanical Behavior
by Han Yang, Shiguo Yuan, Yuan Yan, Li Zhou, Chao Zheng, Yikai Li and Junhua Li
Bioengineering 2025, 12(3), 318; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12030318 - 19 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1022
Abstract
Cranial sutures play critical roles in load distribution and neuroprotection, with their biomechanical performance intimately linked to morphological complexity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different morphologies of cranial sutures on their biomechanical behavior. Based on the different [...] Read more.
Cranial sutures play critical roles in load distribution and neuroprotection, with their biomechanical performance intimately linked to morphological complexity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different morphologies of cranial sutures on their biomechanical behavior. Based on the different morphologies of the cranial sutures, six groups of finite element models (closed, straight, sine wave, tight sinusoidal wave, layered sinusoidal wave, and layered sinusoidal wave + sutural bone) of the bone–suture–bone composite structures that ranged from simple to complex were constructed. Each model was subjected to 50 kPa impact and 98 N bilateral tensile loads to evaluate von Mises stress and total deformation variations across all groups under combined loading conditions. Key findings reveal that morphological complexity directly governs stress dynamics and mechanical adaptation; layered sinusoidal configurations delayed peak stress by 19–36% and generated elevated von Mises stresses compared to closed sutures, with stress concentrations correlating with interfacial roughness. Under impact, sutures exhibited localized energy dissipation (<0.2 μm deformation), while tensile loading induced uniform displacements (≤11 μm) across all morphologies (p > 0.05), underscoring their dual roles in localized energy absorption and global strain redistribution. Craniosacral therapy relevant forces produced sub-micron deformations far below pathological thresholds (≥1 mm), which implies the biomechanical safety of recommended therapeutic force. Staggered suture–bone in open sutures (31.93% closure rate) enhances shear resistance, whereas closed sutures prioritize rigidity. The findings provide mechanistic explanations for suture pathological vulnerability and clinical intervention limitations, offering a quantitative foundation for future research on cranial biomechanics and therapeutic innovation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fundamentals and Novel Applications of Fluid Mechanics, Biomechanics, and Acoustics in Biomedical Engineering, 2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 3795 KiB  
Article
Vortex Dynamics in the Sinus of Valsalva
by Jiaxuan Fan and Elias Sundström
Bioengineering 2025, 12(3), 279; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12030279 - 11 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 872
Abstract
Patients undergoing aortic valve repair or replacement with associated alterations in stiffness characteristics often develop abnormalities in the aortic sinus vortex, which may impact aortic valve function. The correlation between altered aortic sinus vortex and aortic valve function remains poorly understood due to [...] Read more.
Patients undergoing aortic valve repair or replacement with associated alterations in stiffness characteristics often develop abnormalities in the aortic sinus vortex, which may impact aortic valve function. The correlation between altered aortic sinus vortex and aortic valve function remains poorly understood due to the complex fluid dynamics in the aortic valve and the challenges in simulating these conditions. The opening and closure mechanism of the aortic valve is studied using fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulations, incorporating an idealized aortic valve model. The FSI approach models both the interaction between the fluid flow and the valve’s leaflets and the dynamic response of the leaflets during pulsatile flow conditions. Differences in the hemodynamic and vortex dynamic behaviors of aortic valve leaflets with varying stiffness are analyzed. The results reveal that, during the systolic phase, the formation of the sinus vortex is closely coupled with the jet emanating from the aortic valve and the fluttering motion of the leaflets. As leaflet stiffness increases, the peak vorticity of the sinus vortex increases, and the phase space of the vortex core develops a pronounced spiral trajectory. During the diffusion phase, the vortex strength decays exponentially, and the diffusion time is longer for stiffer leaflets, indicating a longer residence time of the sinus vortex that reduces the pressure difference on the leaflet during valve closure. Changes in leaflet stiffness play a critical role in the formation and development of sinus vortices. Furthermore, the dynamic characteristics of vortices directly affect the pressure balance on both sides of the valve leaflets. This pressure difference not only determines the opening and closing processes of the valve but also significantly influences the stability and efficiency of these actions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fundamentals and Novel Applications of Fluid Mechanics, Biomechanics, and Acoustics in Biomedical Engineering, 2nd Edition)
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