Measuring Outcomes and Impact Related to Assistive Technology and Accessibility for Disability

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 3246

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Interests: accessibility; assistive technology; innovative measurement approaches; rehabilitation robotics; disability outcomes

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Guest Editor
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
Interests: assistive technology; accessibility; universal design; measurements; outcome measures

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Guest Editor
School of Rehabilitation Sciences & Technology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Interests: accessible design; assistive technology; universal design; bifocals and falling; outcome measurement and disability

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Assistive Technology (AT) is a key enabler for people with disabilities across the lifespan in all areas of life. It has the potential to improve their functional ability, enable and enhance their participation and inclusion in all domains of life, and promote their well-being. Globally, the need for AT is growing rapidly alongside the rise in noncommunicable diseases and an ageing population. The WHO estimates that only 1 in 10 people globally have access to the AT they need, with more than 2.5 billion people needing one or more assistive products. It is estimated that by 2050 more than 3.5 billion people will need at least one assistive product, with many older people needing two or more.

Without access to AT products, people with disabilities are often socially isolated and the impact of their disability is felt not only at the individual level but also at the level of family, community, and country. To address the large and growing unmet need for AT, several international efforts have been made to enhance access and use to AT, especially by the WHO and the United Nations (UN). Additionally, AT is commonly used with accessibility and universal design (UD) approaches. However, there is a paucity in research targeting AT, accessibility, and UD innovative strategies for measuring and collecting access, impact, and outcome data.

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect original research, comprehensive reviews, and advanced theoretical approaches regarding the measurement of outcomes and impact related to assistive technology and accessibility for disability.

The topics of interest for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. Advances in impact and outcome measurements for AT;
  2. Impact and outcome studies using innovative measurement for assistive technology;
  3. Measuring access to AT;
  4. Training related to AT;
  5. The application of AI for measuring outcomes of AT;
  6. The application of AI for measuring accessibility and outcomes of universal design strategies;
  7. Innovative tools and strategies for measuring accessibility and/or universal design;
  8. Innovative papers in measurement topics including in robotics, personal communication, smart apps, vision and hearing systems, information strategies, mobility, transportation, work-systems, personal care, and home health;
  9. Innovative methodology for improving cross-cultural implementation of AT and UD measures;
  10. Innovative methods for improving the reliability and validity of AT and UD measures.

Dr. Rochelle Mendonca
Dr. Qussai Obiedat
Prof. Dr. Roger O. Smith
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • assistive technology
  • disability
  • accessibility
  • measurement
  • outcomes
  • universal design

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 394 KiB  
Article
Technology-Enabled Cognitive Strategy Intervention for Secondary Stroke Prevention: A Feasibility Study
by Timothy Dionne, Jessica D. Richardson, Davin Quinn, Karen Luo and Suzanne Perea Burns
Bioengineering 2025, 12(7), 778; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12070778 - 18 Jul 2025
Viewed by 483
Abstract
Background: People with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) are at increased risk of recurrent stroke, dementia, and accelerated cognitive decline. Objective: To examine the feasibility, safety, acceptability, and suitability of a virtually-delivered vascular risk reduction intervention that integrates tailored cognitive strategy training for people [...] Read more.
Background: People with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) are at increased risk of recurrent stroke, dementia, and accelerated cognitive decline. Objective: To examine the feasibility, safety, acceptability, and suitability of a virtually-delivered vascular risk reduction intervention that integrates tailored cognitive strategy training for people with executive function (EF) impairments post-stroke. Methods: This case series included eight participants who completed up to ten virtual sessions focused on vascular risk reduction and metacognitive strategy training. Sessions averaged 40 min over a 4–5-week period. Results: The intervention was found to be feasible, safe, and acceptable. The recruitment rate was 66.7%, and the retention rate was 87.5% (7 of 8 completed the training). No serious adverse events were reported. Most participants demonstrated improvements on the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), with mean performance and satisfaction change scores of 1.22 ± 0.87 and 1.18 ± 0.83, respectively. Conclusions: This technology-enabled intervention was feasible and acceptable for individuals with post-stroke EF impairments. Virtual delivery was a key factor in its accessibility and success. The results are promising for improving self-management of vascular risk factors, warranting further study in larger trials. Full article
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19 pages, 259 KiB  
Article
Understanding the Impact of Assistive Technology on Users’ Lives in England: A Capability Approach
by Rebecca Joskow, Dilisha Patel, Anna Landre, Kate Mattick, Catherine Holloway, Jamie Danemayer and Victoria Austin
Bioengineering 2025, 12(7), 750; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12070750 - 9 Jul 2025
Viewed by 611
Abstract
This study presents an analysis of England’s 2023 national assessment of assistive technology (AT) access and use, with a particular focus on the qualitative impact of AT as described by users. It aims to address limitations in conventional AT impact assessments, which often [...] Read more.
This study presents an analysis of England’s 2023 national assessment of assistive technology (AT) access and use, with a particular focus on the qualitative impact of AT as described by users. It aims to address limitations in conventional AT impact assessments, which often prioritize clinical outcomes or user satisfaction, by offering a deeper account of how impact is experienced in everyday life. Drawing on data from a nationally representative survey of 7000 disabled adults and children, as well as six focus group discussions and 28 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders across the WHO 5Ps framework (People, Providers, Personnel, Policy, and Products), the study applies Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum’s Capability Approach to explore these experiences. Using inductive thematic analysis, we identify three main domains of user-reported impact: Functions and Activities (e.g., mobility, communication, vision, leisure, daily routines, and cognitive support), Outcomes (e.g., autonomy, quality of life, safety, social participation, wellbeing, and work and learning), and Lived Experience (e.g., access barriers, essentiality, identity and emotional connection, peace of mind, and sense of control and confidence). These findings offer a more user-centered understanding of AT impact and can inform the development of future measurement tools, research design, and government-led interventions to improve AT provision. Full article
11 pages, 1602 KiB  
Article
Evaluating Assistive Technology Outcomes in Boccia Athletes with Disabilities Using AI-Based Kinematic Analysis
by Wann-Yun Shieh, Yan-Ying Ju, Shiu-Yuan Yang, I-Chun Chen and Hsin-Yi Kathy Cheng
Bioengineering 2025, 12(7), 684; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12070684 - 23 Jun 2025
Viewed by 450
Abstract
This study explores how artificial intelligence (AI) can support the evaluation of assistive technology outcomes in adaptive sports, focusing on elite boccia athletes with disabilities. Using a multi-stage motion analysis framework, we integrated OpenPose, ViTPose, and Lifting to estimate seated joint kinematics with [...] Read more.
This study explores how artificial intelligence (AI) can support the evaluation of assistive technology outcomes in adaptive sports, focusing on elite boccia athletes with disabilities. Using a multi-stage motion analysis framework, we integrated OpenPose, ViTPose, and Lifting to estimate seated joint kinematics with greater precision. Match footage from 12 athletes at the 2018 Asia-Pacific Boccia Open was analyzed across five biomechanical phases: preparation, acceleration, peak, release, and follow-through. AI-enhanced 2D and 3D pose estimation methods were applied to assess throwing strategies and motor variability. ViTPose outperformed OpenPose in joint detection accuracy (F1-score: 85% vs. 79.5%), while Lifting improved 3D estimation by reducing joint position error by 16%. Principal Component Analysis revealed greater movement consistency in overhand throws compared to underhand techniques. The proposed pipeline provides an interpretable and scalable method for measuring performance, motor control, and strategy-specific movement outcomes in boccia, offering practical applications for evidence-based coaching, athlete classification, and the design of inclusive assistive sport technologies. Full article
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20 pages, 2016 KiB  
Article
Exploring Growth-Stage Variations in Home Use of Positioning and Mobility Assistive Technology for Children with GMFCS IV Cerebral Palsy: Parental Insights and Challenges
by Hsin-Yi Kathy Cheng, Shun-Yin Hu, Yan-Ying Ju and Yu-Chun Yu
Bioengineering 2025, 12(3), 241; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12030241 - 26 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1150
Abstract
This study examines how the use of postural and mobility devices evolves in home environments for children with GMFCS IV cerebral palsy, focusing on parents’ perspectives on benefits, outcomes, and challenges. As children grow, changes in muscle strength, motor function, and daily activity [...] Read more.
This study examines how the use of postural and mobility devices evolves in home environments for children with GMFCS IV cerebral palsy, focusing on parents’ perspectives on benefits, outcomes, and challenges. As children grow, changes in muscle strength, motor function, and daily activity demands necessitate adjustments in assistive devices to maintain mobility and postural support. Data from 10 parents, collected through descriptive statistics and qualitative interviews, covered device types, usage patterns, and family impacts across developmental stages from preschool to adulthood. Device needs shift significantly with growth, transitioning from early gait trainers and postural support devices to advanced mobility devices, such as power wheelchairs, which become essential in adulthood. Parents reported positive outcomes, including improved emotional well-being, social participation, and independent mobility, alongside reduced caregiving burdens. However, challenges persist, including financial constraints, frequent device replacements, and limited training for users and caregivers. These insights highlight the need for more adaptable device designs and enhanced family-centered support programs to better assist caregivers in managing device transitions. This study addresses a gap by exploring the real-world outcomes of home-based device use, providing data and parental insights to inform device design, clinical practices, and family-centered support programs. Future research should focus on enhancing device functionality, customization, and accessibility to improve quality of life and promote greater independence for individuals with cerebral palsy. Full article
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