Battery Health Algorithms and Thermal Safety Modeling

A special issue of Batteries (ISSN 2313-0105).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2026 | Viewed by 685

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Rd., Nanjing 211816, China
Interests: health and thermal safety for batteries

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Rd., Nanjing 211816, China
Interests: battery thermal safety

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
Interests: thermal runaway mechanism and propagation of lithium-ion batteries; thermal protection technology for lithium-ion batteries; numerical simulation of thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Batteries are excellent electric storage devices, which include lithium, sodium and potassium batteries. Batteries are widely used in many fields and contribute much to the development of new energy. However, the cycle life and thermal safety of batteries are key factors to be considered during their use. To increase the cycle and calendar life of batteries, battery-aging mechanisms and their influencing factors should be studied. Their state of health and remaining useful life prediction, charging strategy optimization, and fault diagnosis algorithm are important to battery health. To increase the thermal safety of lithium-ion batteries, thermal stability, thermal runaway and thermal runaway propagation mechanisms should be studied. The heat generation of batteries during charging/discharging or thermal runaway needs to be calculated. Any studies on modeling on thermal runaway, thermal runaway propagation and its suppression are important to the thermal safety of batteries. Thermal management systems are important to prolong the cycle life and control the thermal safety of batteries. Thermal management modeling (cooling or preheating) ought to be studied.

This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the most recent advances related to battery-aging mechanisms and their influencing factors; health algorithms; thermal safety mechanisms and its influencing factors; and thermal safety modeling.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Battery aging, including aging behavior, aging mechanisms, influencing factors, knee point of battery degradation and semi-empirical models.
  • Battery health algorithms, including state of health and remaining useful life prediction, charging strategy optimization and fault diagnosis.
  • Heat generation analysis, including heat generation calculation and modeling, temperature prediction.
  • Thermal safety mechanisms, including thermal stability, thermal runaway, thermal runaway propagation and their influencing factors.
  • Thermal safety modeling, including thermal runaway, thermal runaway propagation and its suppression.
  • Thermal management systems (preheating and cooling), including experimental and simulation studies.

Dr. Jialong Liu
Dr. Yajun Huang
Dr. Zonghou Huang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Batteries is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • battery health
  • battery thermal safety
  • algorithm and modeling
  • battery management system
  • electrochemical energy storage
  • safety control method of battery
  • prolong method of battery life

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 3795 KB  
Article
Influence of Low-Temperature Cycling History on Slight Overcharging Cycling of Lithium–Ion Batteries
by Jialong Liu, Hui Zhang, Xiaoming Jin, Kun Zhao, Zhirong Wang and Yangyang Cui
Batteries 2025, 11(11), 427; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11110427 - 20 Nov 2025
Viewed by 504
Abstract
Cross-seasonal and cross-regional operations make it inevitable for low-temperature cycling of lithium–ion batteries, which accelerates battery aging and induces large inconsistency between batteries in the battery pack. This causes slight overcharging. However, the influence of long low-temperature cycling on the following slight overcharging [...] Read more.
Cross-seasonal and cross-regional operations make it inevitable for low-temperature cycling of lithium–ion batteries, which accelerates battery aging and induces large inconsistency between batteries in the battery pack. This causes slight overcharging. However, the influence of long low-temperature cycling on the following slight overcharging aging and aging mechanism under multi aging path is not studied clearly. This affects the function of the battery management system (BMS), including state of health (SOH) prediction, state of charge estimation, etc. This work takes 18,650-type batteries as the study objects. Battery aging at low temperature (−10 °C) and slight overcharging (4.4 V) aging after low-temperature cycling are studied in this work. Hybrid pulse power characteristic, incremental capacity analysis, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction are used to reveal the aging mechanisms. The results indicate that a negative electrode degradation affects the cycle life of batteries more compared to a positive electrode, and the primary aging mechanisms are “dead lithium” and electrolyte decomposition. Compared to low-temperature cycling, slight overcharging is the lower stress factor. Cycling at low stress factor suppresses aging of battery cycled at high stress factor. When the SOH of battery is near 90%, lithium plating growing at low temperature is consumed after slight overcharging cycling. The generated products suppress further lithium plating. When the SOH is near 80%, although lithium plating is consumed, it also grows continuously. Slight overcharging causes more transition metal dissolution and graphite exfoliation. When SOH is near 90%, thermal management strategies should operate to control operation temperature of battery to avoid further low-temperature cycling. The results in this work are important to battery design and battery management system development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Battery Health Algorithms and Thermal Safety Modeling)
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