Observations and Analysis of Upper Atmosphere

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue belongs to the section Upper Atmosphere. The upper atmosphere is the conjunction of matter and energy exchange between the lower atmosphere and outer space. It is affected by disturbance from interstellar space and the influence from the lower atmosphere, with a variety of possible coupling processes. For example, solar flares, coronal mass ejection (CME), energetic particle precipitation (EPP), and galactic cosmic ray (GCR) may cause significant disturbances to the middle and upper atmosphere. In addition, various disturbances in the surface and lower atmosphere, such as lightning, volcanoes, earthquakes, and typhoons, etc., may also have an impact on the upper atmosphere. Therefore, it is a great challenge to investigate the coupled multi-layer processes through the use of combined ground-based and air-based observations.

Topics of interest for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

• Mesospheric layering phenomena;
• Stratospheric sudden warming (SSW);
• Gravity waves in the middle and upper atmosphere;
• Lidar/radar observations;
• Interaction between ionosphere and upper atmosphere;
• Coupling between the lower and upper atmosphere;
• The solar modulations in the middle and upper atmosphere.

Dr. Shican Qiu
Prof. Dr. Guozhu Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.