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Atmosphere
Special Issues
Extreme Climate in Arid and Semi-arid Regions
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Extreme Climate in Arid and Semi-arid Regions

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Climatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 29 June 2024 | Viewed by 3460

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Shanshan Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Interests: climate change in arid and semi-arid regions; drought mechanism and prediction; extreme weather and climate attribution

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In climate change, arid and semi-arid climates are under more pressure than other regions due to their fragile ecosystems. Previous studies have indicated the enhanced warming in this region, with a higher frequency and severity of extreme weather and climate. As an example, drought is relatively common in semi-arid regions, but the increasing frequency and intensity of drought will collapse the original fragile ecological environment in arid and semi-arid regions. At the same time, increasing precipitation can also have negative impacts on arid and semi-arid regions. We must keep an eye open for the secondary geological hazards induced by strong rainfall events, because even small precipitation changes in semi-arid regions can trigger flash floods, landslides and debris flows. Other extreme climate events such as snowstorms as well as extreme low and high temperatures also need more attention.

The aim of this Special Issue is to go deeply into the study of climate extremes in arid and semi-arid regions. Topics of interest for the Special Issue include, but are not limited to:

1) The characteristics of extreme weather and climate in the historical record;

2) The causes and mechanisms in terms of local land–air interaction, remote sea/ice-air interaction, etc.;

3) Model performance in extreme events, including evaluating and improving model performance in arid and semi-arid regions;

4) The detection and attribution of climate change;

5) The impacts of climate extremes;

6) Future projections.

Knowledge of the above is of great scientific and societal importance to the ecological environment as well as social development in arid and semi-arid regions.

Dr. Shanshan Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • arid and semi-arid regions
  • characteristics
  • causes and mechanisms
  • model evaluation
  • model improvement
  • prediction of extreme weather
  • future projections
  • detection and attribution

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 10287 KiB  
Article
Application of the Self-Organizing Map Method in February Temperature and Precipitation Pattern over China: Comparison between 2021 and 2022
by Zengping Zhang, Yu Gu, Zhikuan Wang, Siyuan Luo, Siyuan Sun, Shuting Wang and Guolin Feng
Atmosphere 2023, 14(7), 1182; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14071182 - 21 Jul 2023
Viewed by 928
Abstract
In this study, we compared two anomalous wet February periods in 2021 and 2022 in China. The same anomalies appeared in the spatial distribution of precipitation, with anomalous precipitation centered over the southeast coast. However, temperature discrepancies appeared in most of China, with [...] Read more.
In this study, we compared two anomalous wet February periods in 2021 and 2022 in China. The same anomalies appeared in the spatial distribution of precipitation, with anomalous precipitation centered over the southeast coast. However, temperature discrepancies appeared in most of China, with anomalously high temperatures in 2021 and lower temperatures in 2022. Both instances of increased precipitation were attributed to warm and moist advection from the south, with transport in 2021 being partly enhanced by the South China Sea cyclone, whereas transport in 2022 was mainly due to the subtropical western North Pacific anticyclone. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare and analyze temperature and precipitation anomalies in February 2021 and 2022 using the self-organizing map method. Warm events in East Asia and cold events in Siberia and the Tibetan Plateau types were obtained by mode 1, which contained 2021. Mode 6 exhibited opposite warm types in Siberia and cold types in southern Asia, including February temperature and precipitation anomalies in 2022. Based on the results of this study, we can conclude that precipitation anomalies in February 2021 and 2022 occurred under different temperature and circulation anomalies, and both were influenced by La Niña events. Autumn sea ice loss in the Barents Sea contributed significantly to warm and rainy events in February 2021. However, the cold and rainy events of February 2022 were closely related to the strengthening of the Siberian High. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extreme Climate in Arid and Semi-arid Regions)
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16 pages, 8873 KiB  
Article
Impacts of Tibetan Plateau Spring Snowmelt on Spring and Summer Precipitation in Northwest China
by Zhilan Wang, Kai Yang, Feimin Zhang, Jinyu Zhang and Xuying Sun
Atmosphere 2023, 14(3), 466; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14030466 - 27 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1170
Abstract
Snow on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an important signal for the prediction of East Asian climate. In this study, the relationship between the TP spring snowmelt and spring and summer precipitation in Northwest China (NWC) was investigated, along with the possible mechanisms [...] Read more.
Snow on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an important signal for the prediction of East Asian climate. In this study, the relationship between the TP spring snowmelt and spring and summer precipitation in Northwest China (NWC) was investigated, along with the possible mechanisms linked to the impacts of snowmelt on precipitation. The results showed that the TP spring snowmelt had significant impacts on spring and summer precipitation in NWC. For example, when there was a large spring snowmelt in the central- eastern TP, the spring and summer precipitation in the Hexi Corridor and southeast NWC was excessive, especially in summer; when there was a large spring snowmelt in the northern TP, the spring and summer precipitation was deficient across the whole of NWC, while a large spring snowmelt in the western TP led to deficient spring and summer precipitation in eastern NWC but excessive precipitation in western NWC. The possible mechanisms for this included the fact that more spring snowmelt over the TP led to higher soil moisture contents, which further resulted in weakened subtropical westerly and enhanced ridge over Xinjiang. By changing the TP thermal forcing, these anomalous atmospheric circulation conditions transported water vapor into NWC, thus creating excessive summer precipitation in that region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extreme Climate in Arid and Semi-arid Regions)
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Review

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37 pages, 6316 KiB  
Review
Interaction between the Westerlies and Asian Monsoons in the Middle Latitudes of China: Review and Prospect
by Xiang-Jie Li and Bing-Qi Zhu
Atmosphere 2024, 15(3), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15030274 - 25 Feb 2024
Viewed by 762
Abstract
The westerly circulation and the monsoon circulation are the two major atmospheric circulation systems affecting the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (NH), which have significant impacts on climate and environmental changes in the middle latitudes. However, until now, people’s understanding of the [...] Read more.
The westerly circulation and the monsoon circulation are the two major atmospheric circulation systems affecting the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (NH), which have significant impacts on climate and environmental changes in the middle latitudes. However, until now, people’s understanding of the long-term paleoenvironmental changes in the westerly- and monsoon-controlled areas in China’s middle latitudes is not uniform, and the phase relationship between the two at different time scales is also controversial, especially the exception to the “dry gets drier, wet gets wetter” paradigm in global warming between the two. Based on the existing literature data published, integrated paleoenvironmental records, and comprehensive simulation results in recent years, this study systematically reviews the climate and environmental changes in the two major circulation regions in the mid-latitudes of China since the Middle Pleistocene, with a focus on exploring the phase relationship between the two systems at different time scales and its influencing mechanism. Through the reanalysis and comparative analysis of the existing data, we conclude that the interaction and relationship between the two circulation systems are relatively strong and close during the warm periods, but relatively weak during the cold periods. From the perspective of orbital, suborbital, and millennium time scales, the phase relationship between the westerly and Asian summer monsoon (ASM) circulations shows roughly in-phase, out-of-phase, and anti-phase transitions, respectively. There are significant differences between the impacts of the westerly and ASM circulations on the middle-latitude regions of northwest China, the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, and eastern China. However, under the combined influence of varied environmental factors such as BHLSR (boreal high-latitude solar radiation), SST (sea surface temperature), AMOC (north Atlantic meridional overturning circulation), NHI (Northern Hemisphere ice volume), NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation), ITCZ (intertropical convergence zone), WPSH (western Pacific subtropical high), TIOA (tropical Indian Ocean anomaly), ENSO (El Niño/Southern Oscillation), CGT/SRP (global teleconnection/Silk Road pattern), etc., there is a complex and close coupling relationship between the two, and it is necessary to comprehensively consider their “multi-factor’s joint-action” mechanism and impact, while, in general, the dynamic mechanisms driving the changes of the westerly and ASM circulations are not the same at different time scales, such as orbital, suborbital, centennial to millennium, and decadal to interannual, which also leads to the formation of different types of phase relationships between the two at different time scales. Future studies need to focus on the impact of this “multi-factor linkage mechanism” and “multi-phase relationship” in distinguishing the interaction between the westerly and ASM circulation systems in terms of orbital, suborbital, millennium, and sub-millennium time scales. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extreme Climate in Arid and Semi-arid Regions)
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