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Applied Sciences
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Advancement in Phase Change Material Technologies
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Advancement in Phase Change Material Technologies

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 12122

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Arnab Chaudhuri

E-Mail Website1 Website2 Website3
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, OsloMet—Oslo Metropolitan University, Department of Civil Engineering and Energy Technology , Pilestredet 35, PB 4, Saint Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
Interests: modeling heat transfer and fluid flow; modeling phase change materials; compressible fluid flows; turbulence; shock-wave; computational fluid dynamics (CFD); high-order numerical methods; high-performance computing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue primarily focuses on the advancement of the application of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) in systems for thermal energy management as well as for thermal energy storage. PCM is the key component for the development of sustainable solutions in engineering systems, and PCM technologies are an active scientific research field for innovation. Enhancement of the material properties of PCMs, synthesis of PCM-based novel composite materials, and enhancement of the efficiency of PCM-based systems are essential for the novel optimal design of energy systems.

Dr. Arnab Chaudhuri
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Advanced phase change materials
  • Modeling aspects of phase change materials
  • Phase change materials in building components
  • Sustainable solutions with phase change materials
  • Micro/nano encapsulation
  • Passive cooling/heating
  • Multiscale modeling of phase change material-based composite materials
  • Phase change material-based smart composites
  • Physical/thermal/mechanical characterization of novel phase change materials
  • Design and optimization of advanced phase change material-based energy systems

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 9741 KiB  
Article
Microstructural Changes and Chemical Analysis of Fission Products in Irradiated Uranium-7 wt.% Molybdenum Metallic Fuel Using Atom Probe Tomography
by Mukesh Bachhav, Brandon Miller, Jian Gan, Dennis Keiser, Ann Leenaers, S. Van den Berghe and Mitchell K. Meyer
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(15), 6905; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11156905 - 27 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1539
Abstract
Understanding the microstructural and phase changes occurring during irradiation and their impact on metallic fuel behavior is integral to research and development of nuclear fuel programs. This paper reports systematic analysis of as-fabricated and irradiated low-enriched U-Mo (uranium-molybdenum metal alloy) fuel using atom [...] Read more.
Understanding the microstructural and phase changes occurring during irradiation and their impact on metallic fuel behavior is integral to research and development of nuclear fuel programs. This paper reports systematic analysis of as-fabricated and irradiated low-enriched U-Mo (uranium-molybdenum metal alloy) fuel using atom probe tomography (APT). This study is carried out on U-7 wt.% Mo fuel particles coated with a ZrN layer contained within an Al matrix during irradiation. The dispersion fuel plates from which the fuel samples were extracted are irradiated at Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN) with burn-up of 52% and 66% in the framework of the SELENIUM (Surface Engineering of Low ENrIched Uranium-Molybdenum) project. The APT studies on U-Mo particles from as-fabricated fuel plates enriched to 19.8% revealed predominantly γ-phase U-Mo, along with a network of the cell boundary decorated with α-U, γ’-U2Mo, and UC precipitates along the grain boundaries. The corresponding APT characterization of irradiated fuel samples showed formation of fission gas bubbles enriched with solid fission products. The intermediate burnup sample showed a uniform distribution of the typical bubble superlattice with a radius of 2 nm arranged in a regular lattice, while the high burnup sample showed a non-uniform distribution of bubbles in grain-refined regions. There was no evidence of remnant α-U, γ’-U2Mo, and UC phases in the irradiated U-7 wt.% Mo samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancement in Phase Change Material Technologies)
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17 pages, 5200 KiB  
Article
On the Energy Performance of Micro-Encapsulated Phase Change Material Enhanced Spackling with Night Ventilation
by Andreas Aamodt, Arnab Chaudhuri, Habtamu Bayera Madessa and Tor Arvid Vik
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 1472; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041472 - 6 Feb 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1911
Abstract
Phase change material (PCM) is an attractive solution for improvement of thermal performance in buildings, and have excited a vast amount of research in recent years. There are however practical challenges with ensuring adequate phase transitions of the PCM to exploit the passive [...] Read more.
Phase change material (PCM) is an attractive solution for improvement of thermal performance in buildings, and have excited a vast amount of research in recent years. There are however practical challenges with ensuring adequate phase transitions of the PCM to exploit the passive heat storage benefits. Night ventilation (NV) with free cooling have surfaced as one of the most promising methods to properly utilize PCMs and maximize energy savings. This work deals with a novel spackling compound enhanced with microencapsulated PCM. The product is intended for use at inner walls and ceiling surfaces of buildings and is suited for new and retrofitting building applications. Ensuing former experimental studies, a validated simulation model is developed and used to study the PCM with natural and hybrid NV strategies in an office building during summer conditions in Oslo, Norway. Cooling load reduction and energy savings are analyzed with varying air flow rates of 0.5–5 air changes per hour (ACH) and 2–4 mm PCM layer thickness. It is shown how increasing air flow rates and PCM thickness greatly enhances energy performance, but at a diminishing rate. Although the NV alone can reduce the cooling load by 11.5% at 1 ACH, 40.2% at 3 ACH and 59.8% at 5 ACH, one can achieve further reduction up to 19.5%, 78.2% and 95.5% for the respective ACHs with 4 mm PCM. The natural NV provides more energy savings compared to the hybrid strategy. As energy requirement by fans increases with the increase of air flow rates in the hybrid strategy, the energy savings eventually start to reduce. The hybrid strategy can save 38% energy at most with 3 ACH, and the savings is increased to 50% with the inclusion of 4 mm PCM. On the other hand, the natural strategy saves 56% of energy at the same air flow rate, and 69% with 4 mm of PCM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancement in Phase Change Material Technologies)
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24 pages, 9494 KiB  
Article
Basic Analysis of Uncertainty Sources in the CFD Simulation of a Shell-and-Tube Latent Thermal Energy Storage Unit
by Andreas König-Haagen, Adam Mühlbauer, Tom Marquardt, Adèle Caron-Soupart, Jean-François Fourmigué and Dieter Brüggemann
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(19), 6723; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10196723 - 25 Sep 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1916
Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are increasingly employed in the development of latent thermal energy storage units. Yet there are often strong deviations between the experiments and numerical results. To unveil the sources of the deviations for the CFD simulation of a vertical [...] Read more.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are increasingly employed in the development of latent thermal energy storage units. Yet there are often strong deviations between the experiments and numerical results. To unveil the sources of the deviations for the CFD simulation of a vertical shell-and-tube latent thermal energy storage unit, a basic analysis of different uncertainties is undertaken in this paper. Consequently, the effect of a variation of 10 material properties, six initial and boundary conditions, as well as a displacement of the temperature measuring points in the simulation, are examined. The results depict that the influence of the substance data depend on the output variable under consideration. Beside material properties, which have almost no influence, there are some properties that influence the power and the global liquid phase fraction over time, and a third group, which also has an influence on the mean power. Partly in contrast to results found in literature, the highest influence on the mean power occurs for the heat losses (which are varied in an on/off manner), the density, and the melting enthalpy (both varied by ±10%). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancement in Phase Change Material Technologies)
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15 pages, 3714 KiB  
Article
Incorporation of Horizontal Fins into a PCM-Based Heat Sink to Enhance the Safe Operation Time: Applicable in Electronic Device Cooling
by Amirhosein Mosavi, Hossein Mehdizadeh, Salman Abbasian-Naghneh, Rasool Kalbasi, Aliakbar Karimipour and Goshtasp Cheraghian
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(18), 6308; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10186308 - 10 Sep 2020
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 3051
Abstract
In this study, the effect of the presence of horizontal fins on the safe operating time (SOT) of the PCM filled heat sink was examined. The effects of the number of horizontal fins, as well as fins length on SOT at different aspect [...] Read more.
In this study, the effect of the presence of horizontal fins on the safe operating time (SOT) of the PCM filled heat sink was examined. The effects of the number of horizontal fins, as well as fins length on SOT at different aspect ratios, was investigated. Horizontal fins, owing to their high thermal conductivity, cause uniformity in temperature distribution and improve the heat sink thermal conductivity (positive effect). Incorporating horizontal fins reduces the PCM volume fraction which consequently diminishes the ability of the heat sink to absorb the thermal energy (negative effect). The competition between the former effect and the latter determines the efficacy of adding horizontal fins in the PCM filled heat sinks. As the number of horizontal fins increases up to five, the positive effect is superior to the negative one which in turn enlarges the safe operation time. By the further increase in the number of fins, the negative effect prevailed over the positive effect and therefore the safe operation time diminished. As the heat sink aspect ratio increased, convection heat transfer efficacy becomes more apparent. In this case, it is recommended to use horizontal fins with shorter lengths so that the PCM movement is not disturbed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancement in Phase Change Material Technologies)
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17 pages, 3388 KiB  
Article
Using Committee Neural Network for Prediction of Pressure Drop in Two-Phase Microchannels
by Arman Haghighi, Mostafa Safdari Shadloo, Akbar Maleki and Mohammad Yaghoub Abdollahzadeh Jamalabadi
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(15), 5384; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10155384 - 4 Aug 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2897
Abstract
Numerous studies have proposed to correlate experimental results, however there are still significant errors in those predictions. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) is considered for a two-phase flow pressure drop in microchannels incorporating four neural network structures: multilayer perceptron (MLP), [...] Read more.
Numerous studies have proposed to correlate experimental results, however there are still significant errors in those predictions. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) is considered for a two-phase flow pressure drop in microchannels incorporating four neural network structures: multilayer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function (RBF), general regression (GR), and cascade feedforward (CF). The pressure drop predication by ANN uses six inputs (hydraulic diameter of channel, critical temperature of fluid, critical pressure of fluid, acentric factor of fluid, mass flux, and quality of vapor). According to the experimental data, for each network an optimal number of neurons in the hidden layer is considered in the range 10–11. A committee neural network (CNN) is fabricated through the genetic algorithm to improve the accuracy of the predictions. Ultimately, the genetic algorithm designates a weight to each ANN model, which represents the relative contribution of each ANN in the pressure drop predicting process for a two-phase flow within a microchannel. The assessment based on the statistical indexes reveals that the results are not similar for all models; the absolute average relative deviation percent for MLP, CF, GR, and CNN were obtained to be equal to 10.89, 10.65, 7.63, and 5.79, respectively. The CNN approach is demonstrated to be superior to many ANN techniques, even with simple linearity in the model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancement in Phase Change Material Technologies)
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