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Applied Sciences
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Numerical Simulation of the Tsunami Propagation
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Numerical Simulation of the Tsunami Propagation

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Earth Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2020) | Viewed by 11380

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Tso-Ren Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate Institute of Hydrological and Ocean Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Interests: tsunami science; local scour simulation; storm surge simulation; 3D numerical modeling; two-way coupled moving-solid model; landslide and sebris flow simulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is our pleasure to announce the opening of a new Special Issue in the Applied Sciences Journal. The main topic of the Special Issue will be “Numerical Simulation of the Tsunami Dynamics”.

Tsunamis are one of the most dangerous natural events impacting vulnerable coastlines. After the catastrophic tsunamis in 2004 and 2011, tsunami science, especially in the simulation of seismic tsunamis, has grown significantly. However, two recent local tsunami events in Indonesia, the 2018 Palu tsunami and the 2018 Sunda Strait tsunamis, further put forward new challenges to the simulation of landslide and volcanic tsunamis.

In this issue, we would like to update the numerical method for discovering and understanding the tsunami dynamics from the stages of generation, propagation, runup, inundation, and dissipation. Focuses are advanced algorithms for simulating seismic, landslide, mudslide, and volcanic tsunamis on both 2D and 3D domains. Rigorous model validation and quantitative discussion are required.

The following are some of the topics proposed for this Special Issue (but not limited to):

  • Depth-integrated or Navier-Stokes numerical modeling on tsunamis
  • Moving-solid method for simulating dynamics of rockslide, boulders, or debris
  • VOF, SPH, Level-set, LBM methods for free-surface kinematics
  • Breaking wave, turbulence, and wave-structure interactions
  • Non-Newtonian or sediment-transport models for landslide tsunamis
  • Historical event reconstruction and source finding

We hope you will contribute your high-quality research and we look forward to reading your valuable results.

Prof. Tso-Ren Wu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Tsunami
  • Landslide
  • Moving solid
  • Numerical simulation
  • Palu

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 7677 KiB  
Article
Modeling the Slump-Type Landslide Tsunamis Part II: Numerical Simulation of Tsunamis with Bingham Landslide Model
by Thi-Hong-Nhi Vuong, Tso-Ren Wu, Chun-Yu Wang and Chia-Ren Chu
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(19), 6872; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10196872 - 30 Sep 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2006
Abstract
This paper incorporates the Bingham rheology model with the Navier–Stokes solver to simulate the tsunamis excited by a slump-type landslide. The slump is modeled as the Bingham material, in which the rheological properties changing from the un-yield phase to yield phase is taken [...] Read more.
This paper incorporates the Bingham rheology model with the Navier–Stokes solver to simulate the tsunamis excited by a slump-type landslide. The slump is modeled as the Bingham material, in which the rheological properties changing from the un-yield phase to yield phase is taken into account. The volume of fluid method is used to track the interfaces between three materials: air, water, and slump. The developed model is validated by the laboratory data of the benchmark landslide tsunami problem. A series of rheological properties analyses is performed to identify the parameter sensitivity to the tsunami generation. The results show that the yield stress plays a more important role than the yield viscosity in terms of the slump kinematics and tsunami generation. Moreover, the scale effect is investigated under the criterion of Froude number similarity and Bingham number similarity. With the same Froude number and Bingham number, the result from the laboratory scale can be applied to the field scale. If the slump material collected in the field is used in the laboratory experiments, only the result of the maximum wave height can be used, and significant errors in slump shape and moving speed are expected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation of the Tsunami Propagation)
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21 pages, 8956 KiB  
Article
Modeling the Slump-Type Landslide Tsunamis Part I: Developing a Three-Dimensional Bingham-Type Landslide Model
by Tso-Ren Wu, Thi-Hong-Nhi Vuong, Chun-Wei Lin, Chun-Yu Wang and Chia-Ren Chu
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(18), 6501; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10186501 - 17 Sep 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2662
Abstract
This paper incorperates Bingham and bi-viscosity rheology models with the Navier–Stokes solver to simulate the dynamics and kinematics processes of slumps for tsunami generation. The rheology models are integrated into a computational fluid dynamics code, Splash3D, to solve the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with [...] Read more.
This paper incorperates Bingham and bi-viscosity rheology models with the Navier–Stokes solver to simulate the dynamics and kinematics processes of slumps for tsunami generation. The rheology models are integrated into a computational fluid dynamics code, Splash3D, to solve the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with volume of fluid surface tracking algorithm. The change between un-yield and yield phases of the slide material is controlled by the yield stress and yield strain rate in Bingham and bi-viscosity models, respectively. The integrated model is carefully validated by the theoretical results and laboratory data with good agreements. This validated model is then used to simulate the benchmark problem of the failure of the gypsum tailings dam in East Texas in 1966. The accuracy of predicted flood distances simulated by both models is about 73% of the observation data. To improve the prediction, a fixed large viscosity is introduced to describe the un-yield behavior of tailings material. The yield strain rate is obtained by comparing the simulated inundation boundary to the field data. This modified bi-viscosity model improves not only the accuracy of the spreading distance to about 97% but also the accuracy of the spreading width. The un-yield region in the modified bi-viscosity model is sturdier than that described in the Bingham model. However, once the tailing material yields, the material returns to the Bingham property. This model can be used to simulate landslide tsunamis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation of the Tsunami Propagation)
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14 pages, 5538 KiB  
Article
Numerical and Probabilistic Study on the Optimal Region for Tsunami Detection Instrument Deployment in the Eastern Sea of Korea
by Eunju Lee, Taehwa Jung and Sungwon Shin
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(17), 6071; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10176071 - 02 Sep 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2166
Abstract
A tsunami is a significant coastal hazard that causes destructive damage to coastal cities in the world. Besides, tsunamis, generated on the west coast of Japan, damaged coastal cities on the east coast of Korea in 1983 and 1993. In recent years, there [...] Read more.
A tsunami is a significant coastal hazard that causes destructive damage to coastal cities in the world. Besides, tsunamis, generated on the west coast of Japan, damaged coastal cities on the east coast of Korea in 1983 and 1993. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the potential tsunami zone near the west coast of Japan. Therefore, it is important to have tsunami observation instruments in proper locations for tsunami detection and warning aspect. This study proposes the optimal region for offshore tsunami observation instrument deployment under the limited condition that the tsunami source in out of the territorial sea by investigating areas with the highest tsunami detection probability along with maximum evacuation time and bottom slope. Using the Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami (COMCOT) numerical model and a probabilistic approach, this study suggests the optimal region for offshore tsunami detection instrument deployment to be the northeast area of Ulleung-do Island in the eastern sea of Korea. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation of the Tsunami Propagation)
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22 pages, 6268 KiB  
Article
Numerical Investigation on Generation and Propagation Characteristics of Offshore Tsunami Wave under Landslide
by Junkai Sun, Yang Wang, Cheng Huang, Wanhu Wang, Hongbing Wang and Enjin Zhao
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(16), 5579; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165579 - 12 Aug 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1795
Abstract
Tsunamis induced by the landslide will divide into a traveling wave component propagating along the coastline and an offshore wave component propagating perpendicular to the coastline. The offshore tsunami wave has the non-negligible energy and destruction in enclosed basins as fjords, reservoirs, and [...] Read more.
Tsunamis induced by the landslide will divide into a traveling wave component propagating along the coastline and an offshore wave component propagating perpendicular to the coastline. The offshore tsunami wave has the non-negligible energy and destruction in enclosed basins as fjords, reservoirs, and lakes, which are worth studying. The initial submergence condition, the falling height and sliding angle of slider, are important reference indexes of damage degree of landslide and may also matter at that of the landslide-induced tsunami. Depending on the fully coupled model, the effects of them on the production and propagation of the tsunami were considered in the study. Since the slider used was semi-elliptic, the effect of the ratio of the long axis to the short axis was also analyzed. According to the computational fluid dynamics theory, a numerical wave tank was developed by the immersed boundary (IB) method; besides, the general moving-object module of slide mass was also embedded to the numerical tanker. The results indicate that the effects of the squeezing and pushing of the slider on water produce a naturally attenuated wave at the front of the wave train, and the attenuation becomes more serious with the increase in the initial submersion range of the slider. The effects of the vertical movement of the slider cause the increase in the amplitude of the back of the wave train. As the falling height increases, the large wave height increases when the slider is initially submerged and decreases when it is not initially submerged, except for the accidental elevation of that at smaller falling heights. The results also indicate that the hazard of the subaerial landslide-induced tsunami is greater under a small or large falling angle, and that of the partial subaerial and submarine landslide-induced tsunami is greater under a small falling angle. With the increase in the ratio of the long axis to the short axis, the total induced wave energy decreases and the shape of the wave train proportionally reduces, while the wave propagation mode does not change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation of the Tsunami Propagation)
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14 pages, 8554 KiB  
Article
Hardware Acceleration of Tsunami Wave Propagation Modeling in the Southern Part of Japan
by Mikhail Lavrentiev, Konstantin Lysakov, Andrey Marchuk, Konstantin Oblaukhov and Mikhail Shadrin
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(12), 4159; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10124159 - 17 Jun 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2252
Abstract
In order to speed up the calculation of tsunami wave propagation, the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) microchip is used. This makes it possible to achieve valuable performance gain with a modern regular personal computer. The two half-step MacCormack scheme was used herein for [...] Read more.
In order to speed up the calculation of tsunami wave propagation, the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) microchip is used. This makes it possible to achieve valuable performance gain with a modern regular personal computer. The two half-step MacCormack scheme was used herein for numerical approximation of the shallow water system. We studied the distribution of tsunami wave maximal heights along the coast of the southern part of Japan. In particular, the dependence of wave maximal heights on the particular tsunami source location was investigated. Synthetic 100 × 200 km sources have realistic parameters corresponding to this region. As observed numerically, only selected parts of the entire coast line are subject to dangerous tsunami wave amplitudes. The particular locations of such areas strongly depend on the location of the tsunami source. However, the extreme tsunami heights in some of those areas can be attributed to local bathymetry. The proposed hardware acceleration to compute tsunami wave propagation can be used for rapid (say, in a few minutes) tsunami wave danger evaluation for a particular village or industrial unit on the coast. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation of the Tsunami Propagation)
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