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Applied Sciences
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Road to Smart City with Geohazard Mitigation and Adaptation Measures
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Road to Smart City with Geohazard Mitigation and Adaptation Measures

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Civil Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2023) | Viewed by 17017

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yongmin Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Singapore 138683, Singapore
Interests: digital geotechnical engineering; urban disaster; sustainable urban development
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Sangseom Jeon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
Interests: civil and environmental; soil-structure interaction; geo-disaster; earthquake-resistant design
Dr. Alfrendo Satyanaga

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
Interests: sustainable construction; geographical information system; IoT-sensing system; unsaturated soil mechanics; finite element analyses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are inviting submissions to the Special Issue on Road to Smart City with Geohazard Mitigation and Adaptation.

Advancements in digital technologies attribute to an enormous transformation in our living conditions, working environments and social interactions. A smart city is a direction of the digital future powered by the 4th industrial revolution. In particular, a massive effort is required to harness solutions across industries to achieve efficient urban spaces as part of a sustainable smart city. Special attention is given to the mechanisms of urban hazard interaction with water- and geo-related materials. It is crucial to have an in-depth understanding of the cause of the problems and find the measures to provide sufficient safety protection. Urban safety is of utmost priority for enabling the smart city. Hazards may occur in various forms. One example is a geo-related hazard called geohazard, which greatly impacts the local society and urban areas.

This Special Issue is devoted to the mitigation and adaptation technologies of geohazards in various research fields, with respect to theoretical and applied research across the whole spectrum of geotechnical and geomorphological hazards.

Dr. Yongmin Kim
Prof. Sangseom Jeong
Dr. Alfrendo Satyanaga
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • smart city
  • geohazard
  • georisk sustainable urban development
  • adaptation measures

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 2756 KiB  
Article
Success of Implementing Cloud Computing for Smart Development in Small Construction Projects
by Ahsan Waqar, Krzysztof Skrzypkowski, Hamad Almujibah, Krzysztof Zagórski, Muhammad Basit Khan, Anna Zagórska and Omrane Benjeddou
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(9), 5713; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095713 - 5 May 2023
Cited by 52 | Viewed by 5360
Abstract
The objective of this study is to ascertain the essential elements that contribute to the successful implementation of cloud computing in small-scale construction projects, with the ultimate goal of promoting intelligent development in Malaysia. The construction sector is undergoing rapid transformation, and the [...] Read more.
The objective of this study is to ascertain the essential elements that contribute to the successful implementation of cloud computing in small-scale construction projects, with the ultimate goal of promoting intelligent development in Malaysia. The construction sector is undergoing rapid transformation, and the integration of cloud computing technology can make a substantial contribution to the achievement of project objectives and the promotion of sustainable development. Nonetheless, there exists a dearth of comprehension regarding the function of cloud computing in minor construction undertakings within the Malaysian context. In order to bridge this gap, a mixed-methods approach was implemented, which encompassed a comprehensive review of the literature, interviews with experts, and a preliminary survey that involved 160 participants. Utilizing the findings of the pilot survey, the process of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was employed to discern and eliminate nonessential determinants of success. A survey utilizing primary questionnaires was conducted with a sample size of 230 participants. The subsequent analysis of 16 critical success factors was carried out through the application of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings indicate that there are four fundamental constructs that play a crucial role in the effective execution of a project. These include cost, quality, and time management (β = 0.352); planning success (β = 0.360); organizational success (β = 0.351); and communication and coordination (β = 0.299). The research results have favorable ramifications for the construction sector in Malaysia. The integration of cloud computing technology in minor construction endeavors has the potential to augment project efficacy and foster sustainable development. This study offers a roadmap for stakeholders in the construction industry to effectively utilize cloud computing technology for smart development by identifying critical success factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Road to Smart City with Geohazard Mitigation and Adaptation Measures)
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15 pages, 4839 KiB  
Article
Seismic Observations in Bucharest Area with a Raspberry Shake Citizen Science Network
by Bogdan Zaharia, Bogdan Grecu, Andreea Tolea and Mircea Radulian
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(9), 5646; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095646 - 4 May 2023
Viewed by 3292
Abstract
Technological advancements and the appearance of low-cost Raspberry Shake seismographs have enabled the development of citizen science seismic networks in many areas worldwide. These networks can help reduce seismic risk and increase citizens’ understanding of seismology and earthquakes. Such a network exists in [...] Read more.
Technological advancements and the appearance of low-cost Raspberry Shake seismographs have enabled the development of citizen science seismic networks in many areas worldwide. These networks can help reduce seismic risk and increase citizens’ understanding of seismology and earthquakes. Such a network exists in Bucharest, one of the cities in Europe that are struck and affected by strong Vrancea earthquakes. The paper aims to show that data from such networks can be used in both outreach programs and research studies. There are presented, for the first time, seismic observations collected over two years beginning in the summer of 2020 in the Bucharest area based on the low-cost seismometers from the citizen science Raspberry Shake network. A significant number of earthquakes from the Vrancea region were recorded by the Bucharest Raspberry Shake Seismic Network (BRSSN). Some of them were felt by Bucharest inhabitants. The National Institute for Earth Physics in Magurele (Romania) organizes educational events that promote geosciences among the population and presents the tools at its disposal for a better understanding of earthquakes and their effects, contributing this way to the development of the concept of citizen science. Citizens are the first witnesses to seismic events and the citizen science seismic network provides them with the first direct information about the event via web apps available for any internet-connected device. Their involvement as non-professional participants helps in providing data for scientists via questionnaire forms to improve scientific research for earthquake assessment. Since citizen seismometers are installed in urban areas, an analysis of the ambient seismic noise (ASN) was performed in addition to the analysis of recorded seismic events. The analysis indicates that the level of seismic noise is mainly controlled by human activities. At the same time, for one citizen seismometer installed in a school in Bucharest, the results show patterns of noise variations due to students’ activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Road to Smart City with Geohazard Mitigation and Adaptation Measures)
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10 pages, 1534 KiB  
Article
A Novel Methodology to Assess Seismic Resilience (SR) of Interconnected Infrastructures
by Davide Forcellini
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(24), 12975; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412975 - 17 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2027
Abstract
Modern and smart cities are significantly vulnerable to natural hazard, and their functionality is based on resilient infrastructure systems. In particular, seismic resilience may be considered the ability to deliver services during and after hazard events. Therefore, it is fundamental to identify the [...] Read more.
Modern and smart cities are significantly vulnerable to natural hazard, and their functionality is based on resilient infrastructure systems. In particular, seismic resilience may be considered the ability to deliver services during and after hazard events. Therefore, it is fundamental to identify the most critical components within a system, especially when multiple infrastructure systems are interdependent. The paper aims to propose a novel methodology that consider interconnected infrastructures to assess seismic resilience that may be defined as a function that depends on time, and the different components are considered the functional dimensions. The proposed methodology may be applied for several typologies of infrastructures, specifically looking at the seismic resilience analyses related to transportation systems. A case study has been considered in order to apply the proposed formulation and to demonstrate the importance of considering interdependency in the assessment of the seismic resilience. Many stakeholders (infrastructure owners, public administrations, decision makers) may be interested in applying the methodology that could be used to study several applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Road to Smart City with Geohazard Mitigation and Adaptation Measures)
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15 pages, 5365 KiB  
Article
Effects of Heavy Rainfall on Shallow Foundations in Bukit Timah Granite in Singapore
by Verasak Sia, Alfrendo Satyanaga and Yongmin Kim
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(19), 9516; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12199516 - 22 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3059
Abstract
The increase in rainfall intensities due to climate change affect the entire globe. In particular, Singapore suffers from floods and rising of coastlines. Notably, in the Bukit Timah Region in Singapore, floods are getting more intense, and the region houses multitudes of low-rise [...] Read more.
The increase in rainfall intensities due to climate change affect the entire globe. In particular, Singapore suffers from floods and rising of coastlines. Notably, in the Bukit Timah Region in Singapore, floods are getting more intense, and the region houses multitudes of low-rise constructions with shallow foundations. Damages ranging from physical, in terms of motor vehicle and property damages, to intangible losses such as major traffic delays in both private and public transit were caused by the floods. Few studies have been carried out in Singapore in terms of shallow foundations’ response to rainfall events. When rainfall infiltrates into the soil, the bearing capacity and soil stiffness are affected by the change in matric suction. Thus, the impact of heavy rainfall on shallow foundations in Bukit Timah Granite is investigated numerically using SIGMA/W. Fully coupled flow-deformation analysis with unsaturated soil characteristics, e.g., the Soil Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC) and unsaturated permeability functions, were conducted. A range of rainfall intensities, rainfall durations, and applied loadings were investigated to produce a load–settlement curve that was compared against a semi-empirical model to yield reasonable results. The studies showed that the change in matric suction is affected by the rainfall duration, rainfall intensity, initial groundwater conditions, and hydraulic properties of soil, which in turn affects the settlement response heavily. The bearing capacity is evaluated using graphical methods via the load–settlement response curves, and it was found that the reduction in matric suction heavily reduces the bearing capacity of the soil. Combined with the unsaturated residual soils and transient analyses, the discoveries give insight into the assessment of shallow foundations subjected to water infiltration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Road to Smart City with Geohazard Mitigation and Adaptation Measures)
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16 pages, 7279 KiB  
Article
Prediction of Shallow Failure on a Slope Using Volumetric Water Content Gradient Characteristics
by Jae-Wook Suk, Hyang-Seon Jeong, Min-Su Jung, Hyo-Sub Kang, Ho-Jong Kim and Sun-Gyu Choi
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(11), 5308; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12115308 - 24 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1817
Abstract
Landslides that occur near residential regions are most commonly a result of shallow slope failure, which takes place as a consequence of heavy rainfall during the monsoon season, causing loss to human life and property. In this study, the characteristics of the volumetric [...] Read more.
Landslides that occur near residential regions are most commonly a result of shallow slope failure, which takes place as a consequence of heavy rainfall during the monsoon season, causing loss to human life and property. In this study, the characteristics of the volumetric water content (VWC) gradient were analyzed to predict shallow slope failure which was reproduced based on flume experiments performed at various slope conditions. The VWC gradient values were calculated for each measurement position and slope depth. Moreover, the VWC gradient characteristics during the occurrence and nonoccurrence of shallow slope failures were compared to those of an actual site that did not undergo slope failure. Our results show that the probability of failure increases with an increase in the VWC gradient value. Additionally, early warning criteria are proposed by dividing the range of the VWC gradient value into four stages in which the failure rate rapidly increased. Full-scale flume experiments were performed to simulate an actual site in terms of its scale, and the appropriate sensor installation positions were proposed to effectively predict the probability of failure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Road to Smart City with Geohazard Mitigation and Adaptation Measures)
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