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Advances in Reservoir Geology and Exploration and Exploitation
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Advances in Reservoir Geology and Exploration and Exploitation

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Earth Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2025 | Viewed by 2041

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xiaorong Luo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
Interests: petroleum geology; oil and gas resource; numerical modeling; geopressuring; hydrocarbon migration and accumulation
Prof. Dr. Keyu Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
Interests: sedimentology; analysis of basins and oil-bearing systems; unconventional petroleum geology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yuhong Lei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
2. Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Interests: geological modeling and numerical simulation of basin; oil and gas reservoir dynamics; unconventional oil and gas

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With petroleum exploration and development becoming deeper, tighter, and more inferior to oil and gas reservoirs, the geological problems and challenges faced by petroleum reservoir researchers are becoming increasingly prominent. Reservoir bed heterogeneity has become a key issue that must be addressed. Based on the understanding of reservoir heterogeneity and with the help of more advanced reservoir rock observation and mathematical modeling methods, reservoir geology research is carried out based on the geological theory and thinking methods of oil and gas migration and accumulation. The complex process of oil and gas accumulation under different environmental conditions is understood, and the methods of oil and gas migration and accumulation in heterogeneous reservoirs have been determined. This promotes the development of geological theory and description technology for oil and gas reservoir geology, and can better predict the distribution of various oil and gas accumulations, including unconventional, deeply buried, and lithological stratigraphic oil and gas reservoirs.

This Special Issue will publish high-quality original papers, with a particular focus on the progress of reservoir geology research from the perspectives of oil and gas migration and accumulation dynamics, as well as its applications in practical exploration and development.

  • Heterogeneity characteristics of reservoirs and their diagenetic evolution process;
  • Fault deformation mechanism, sealing, and fluid migration;
  • Migration and accumulation of oil and gas in heterogeneous reservoir/carrier beds;
  • Formation mechanism and oil and gas distribution of lithological and stratigraphic reservoirs;
  • Unconventional oil and gas enrichment mechanisms and sweet-spot distribution.

Prof. Dr. Xiaorong Luo
Prof. Dr. Keyu Liu
Dr. Yuhong Lei
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • petroleum geology
  • reservoir geology
  • unconventional oil and gas
  • numerical modeling

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 4887 KiB  
Article
The Formation Mechanisms of Ultra-Deep Effective Clastic Reservoir and Oil and Gas Exploration Prospects
by Yukai Qi, Zongquan Hu, Jingyi Wang, Fushun Zhang, Xinnan Wang, Hanwen Hu, Qichao Wang and Hanzhou Wang
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(13), 6984; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15136984 - 20 Jun 2025
Viewed by 337
Abstract
This study systematically analyzes reservoir formation mechanisms under deep burial conditions, integrating macroscopic observations from representative ultra-deep clastic reservoirs in four major sedimentary basins in central and western China. Developing effective clastic reservoirs in ultra-deep strata (6000–8000 m) remains a critical yet debated [...] Read more.
This study systematically analyzes reservoir formation mechanisms under deep burial conditions, integrating macroscopic observations from representative ultra-deep clastic reservoirs in four major sedimentary basins in central and western China. Developing effective clastic reservoirs in ultra-deep strata (6000–8000 m) remains a critical yet debated topic in petroleum geology. Recent advances in exploration techniques and geological understanding have challenged conventional views, confirming the presence of viable clastic reservoirs at such depths. Findings reveal that reservoir quality in ultra-deep strata is preserved and enhanced through the interplay of sedimentary, diagenetic, and tectonic processes. Key controlling factors include (1) high-energy depositional environments promoting primary porosity development, (2) proximity to hydrocarbon source rocks enabling multi-phase hydrocarbon charging, (3) overpressure and low geothermal gradients reducing cementation and compaction, and (4) late-stage tectonic fracturing that significantly improves permeability. Additionally, dissolution porosity and fracture networks formed during diagenetic and tectonic evolution collectively enhance reservoir potential. The identification of favorable reservoir zones under the sedimentation–diagenesis-tectonics model provides critical insights for future hydrocarbon exploration in ultra-deep clastic sequences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Reservoir Geology and Exploration and Exploitation)
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30 pages, 11317 KiB  
Article
Real-Time Intelligent Recognition and Precise Drilling in Strongly Heterogeneous Formations Based on Multi-Parameter Logging While Drilling and Drilling Engineering
by Aosai Zhao, Yang Yu, Bin Wang, Yewen Liu, Jingyue Liu, Xubiao Fu, Wenhao Zheng and Fei Tian
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(10), 5536; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15105536 - 15 May 2025
Viewed by 415
Abstract
Facing engineering challenges of real-time and high-precision recognition of strongly heterogeneous formations during directional drilling, it is crucial to address the issues of sparse lithology geological labels and multi-source lithology identification from LWD data. This paper proposes a real-time intelligent recognition method for [...] Read more.
Facing engineering challenges of real-time and high-precision recognition of strongly heterogeneous formations during directional drilling, it is crucial to address the issues of sparse lithology geological labels and multi-source lithology identification from LWD data. This paper proposes a real-time intelligent recognition method for strongly heterogeneous formations based on multi-parameter logging while drilling and drilling engineering, which can effectively guide directional drilling operations. Traditional supervised learning methods rely heavily on extensive lithology labels and rich wireline logging data. However, in LWD applications, challenges such as limited sample sizes and stringent real-time requirements make it difficult to achieve the accuracy needed for effective geosteering in strongly heterogeneous reservoirs, thereby impacting the reservoir penetration rate. In this study, we comprehensively utilize LWD parameters (six types, including natural gamma and electrical resistivity, etc.) and drilling engineering parameters (four types, including drilling rate and weight on bit, etc.) from offset wells. The UMAP algorithm is employed for nonlinear dimensionality reduction, which not only integrates the dynamic response characteristics of drilling parameters but also preserves the sensitivity of logging data to lithological variations. The K-means clustering algorithm is employed to extract the deep geo-engineering characteristics from multi-source LWD data, thereby constructing a lithology label library and categorizing the training and testing datasets. The optimized CatBoost machine learning model is subsequently utilized for lithology classification, enabling real-time and high-precision geological evaluation during directional drilling. In the Hugin Formation of the Volve field in the Norwegian North Sea, the application of UMAP demonstrates superior data separability compared with PCA and t-SNE, effectively distinguishing thin reservoirs with strong heterogeneity. The CatBoost model achieves a balanced accuracy of 92.7% and an F1-score of 89.3% in six lithology classifications. This approach delivers high-precision geo-engineering decision support for the real-time control of horizontal well trajectories, which holds significant implications for the precision drilling of strongly heterogeneous reservoirs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Reservoir Geology and Exploration and Exploitation)
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28 pages, 14530 KiB  
Article
A New Method of Geological Modeling for the Hydrocarbon Secondary Migration Research
by Yong Zhang, Chao Li, Jun Li, Xiaorong Luo, Ming Cheng, Xiaoying Zhang and Bin Lu
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(6), 3377; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063377 - 19 Mar 2025
Viewed by 631
Abstract
Reservoir geological modeling plays a crucial role in characterizing the spatial distribution and heterogeneity of subsurface reservoirs. The exploration of deep oil and gas resources is not only a global trend in the oil industry but also an inevitable choice for China to [...] Read more.
Reservoir geological modeling plays a crucial role in characterizing the spatial distribution and heterogeneity of subsurface reservoirs. The exploration of deep oil and gas resources is not only a global trend in the oil industry but also an inevitable choice for China to ensure energy security and achieve sustainable development in the oil and gas industry. Oil and gas exploration and development technologies have also made continuous breakthroughs, providing strong support for the sustained increase in China’s deep and ultra-deep oil and gas production. Deep and ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs exhibit high levels of heterogeneity, which are governed by the original sedimentation processes and have a significant impact on oil and gas migration and accumulation. However, traditional pixel-based stochastic reservoir modeling encounters challenges when attempting to effectively simulate multiple facies simultaneously or objects with intricate internal hierarchical architectures. To address the characterization of highly heterogeneous deep and ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs, this study defines unit architecture bodies, such as point bars, braided rivers, and mouth bars, incorporating internal nested hierarchies. Furthermore, a novel object-based stochastic modeling method is proposed, which leverages seismic and well logging interpretation data to construct and simulate reservoir bodies. The methodology is rooted in the unit element theory. In this approach, sedimentary facies models are stochastically constructed by selecting appropriate unit elements from a database of different sedimentary environments using Sequential Indicator Simulation. The modeling process is constrained by time sequence, event, and sedimentary microfacies distributions. Additionally, the porosity and permeability of each microfacies in the reservoir model are quantitatively characterized based on statistics derived from porosity and permeability data of different strata, sedimentary microfacies, and rock facies in the study area. To demonstrate the superiority and reliability of this novel modeling method, a modeling case is presented. The case utilizes braided river unit elements as objects for the stochastic simulation of the target reservoir. The results of the case study highlight the advantages and robustness of the proposed modeling approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Reservoir Geology and Exploration and Exploitation)
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