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Underwater Communication Networks

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2027 | Viewed by 983

Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
Interests: underwater sensor networks; integrated underwter sensing and communication; network security for underwater internet of things
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
Interests: underwater target detection; tracking and identification; underwater acoustic communication and networking; target detection and tracking based on the network

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Underwater Communication Networks (UCNs) are becoming increasingly vital for ocean exploration, environmental monitoring, defense systems, and offshore industrial operations. These networks face unique challenges compared to terrestrial wireless systems, including high propagation delays, severe signal attenuation, limited bandwidth, and dynamic underwater channel conditions. Addressing these challenges requires innovations across acoustic, optical, magnetic induction, and hybrid communication technologies, supported by advances in network protocols, AI-driven optimization, and robust security frameworks.

The growing need for reliable underwater data transmission—driven by applications such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), underwater sensor networks (UWSNs), marine scientific research, and underwater infrastructure monitoring—has made UCNs a critical research area. This Special Issue aims to showcase cutting-edge developments in underwater communication and networking, with a focus on the following key themes:

  • Underwater communication technologies;
  • Underwater acoustic network protocol design;
  • Machine learning and AI for underwater communication networks;
  • Security of underwater communication networks;
  • Applications of underwater communication networks.

This Special Issue invites high-quality theoretical and experimental research that advances the reliability, efficiency, intelligence, and security of underwater communication networks. We welcome contributions on novel architectures, protocols, signal processing techniques, and real-world deployments that address the unique challenges of the underwater environment.

Prof. Dr. Ruiqin Zhao
Prof. Dr. Xiaohong Shen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • underwater acoustic network
  • underwater acoustic communication
  • underwater sensor networks
  • underwater optical communication
  • underwater network protocols
  • underwater network security

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

25 pages, 557 KB  
Article
AODV-Inspired Low-Overhead Routing for Underwater Drone Swarms Using Acoustic Communication
by Ozgur Ozkaya, Jetmir Haxhibeqiri, Jean-Francois Determe, Jeroen Hoebeke and Eli De Poorter
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(14), 7240; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16147240 - 20 Jul 2026
Viewed by 387
Abstract
Underwater acoustic networks are critical for applications such as environmental monitoring, infrastructure inspection, and autonomous underwater operations. In these scenarios, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) increasingly operate in cooperative swarms, requiring efficient route-discovery and multi-hop communication. However, acoustic underwater communication imposes extremely constrained conditions, [...] Read more.
Underwater acoustic networks are critical for applications such as environmental monitoring, infrastructure inspection, and autonomous underwater operations. In these scenarios, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) increasingly operate in cooperative swarms, requiring efficient route-discovery and multi-hop communication. However, acoustic underwater communication imposes extremely constrained conditions, including low data rates, long propagation delays, limited bandwidth, and unstable channels. These constraints make routing overhead a dominant factor limiting network performance. In this work, we propose a systematic redesign of the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) protocol tailored for ultra-low-rate underwater acoustic networks. The proposed approach combines three complementary design strategies: (i) architectural simplification through a layer-2 AODV variant that eliminates layer-3 overhead, (ii) protocol-level compression using the Static Context Header Compression and Fragmentation (SCHC) standard to minimize packet size, and (iii) acoustic channel-aware parameter tuning to account for long propagation delays and limited channel capacity. The approaches are designed and implemented in ns-3.43 using the underwater acoustic network (UAN) model and evaluated under reachability and scalability scenarios against the default AODV protocol. The results show that the proposed protocols reduce the hello message loss percentage from over 10% to below 3%, decrease route creation time from around 35s to around 15s, and significantly improve the packet delivery ratio under increasing traffic load. In high-load scenarios, the proposed methods consistently outperform default AODV due to reduced channel occupancy and lower collision probability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underwater Communication Networks)
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