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Applied Sciences
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Novel Advances of Combustion and Its Emissions
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Novel Advances of Combustion and Its Emissions

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 3393

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Rafał Rajczyk

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Infrastructure and Environment, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
Interests: renewable energy sources; solid biomass; fluidization; combustion and co-combustion of biofuels and wastes
Prof. Dr. Rafał Kobyłecki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Advanced Energy Technologies, Czestochowa University of Technology, Dabrowskiego 73, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
2. International Energy Agency – Fluidized Bed Conversion (Executive Committee Alternative Member in Poland), Paris, France
Interests: modern energy conversion technologies; fluidization and fluidized bed systems; thermal treatment of fuels; boilers and steam generators; flue gas treatment technologies; biochar production and application
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are inviting you to submit your original research to the Special Issue of the journal Applied Sciences, entitled ‘Novel Advances of Combustion and Its Emissions’.

Despite rapid changes within the industry, the process of combustion still remains one of the fundamental methods for the production of electricity and heat. Before the so-called green transformation can be implemented worldwide, it is extremely important to continue our efforts in providing technological solutions for the reduction of pollutant emissions from various industrial processes. Accordingly, the current Special Issue of Applied Sciences is devoted to various modern technologies that are associated with the combustion and thermal treatment of various fuels, as well as the reduction of emissions of unwanted byproducts, ultimately improving the current knowledge and implementation of more environmentally-friendly techniques for both the processing and emission control of fuel. Papers dealing with experimental, conceptual, and modeling works are welcome. Publications focused on the combustion of renewable and ‘bridge’ fuels, such as biomass, waste, and e-fuels, are of particular interests. However, other works dealing with efficient and low emission processes for ‘traditional’ energy carriers and fuels are welcomed also. In this Special Issue, we encourage you to publish papers focusing on the reduction of gaseous and solid pollutants, including data from desulfurization and denitrification plants, as well as other installations where the removal of unwanted byproducts occurs. Publications where decarbonization technologies and new ideas for the CCS and CCU are presented and discussed are also within the scope of this Special Issue.

Dr. Rafał Rajczyk
Prof. Dr. Rafał Kobyłecki
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • combustion
  • co-combustion
  • combustion modeling
  • emission control
  • flue gas cleaning
  • CCS
  • negative emission power plant

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 8422 KiB  
Article
Numerical Calculation Optimization for Particulate Matter Trapping and Oxidation of Catalytic Diesel Particulate Filter
by Maki Nakamura, Koji Yokota and Masakuni Ozawa
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 2356; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15052356 - 22 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 648
Abstract
In recent years, the transition to electric vehicles has accelerated significantly. However, this shift does not imply the complete elimination of diesel engine vehicles, particularly in commercial and cargo transport, where diesel engines remain essential due to their high thermal efficiency and torque. [...] Read more.
In recent years, the transition to electric vehicles has accelerated significantly. However, this shift does not imply the complete elimination of diesel engine vehicles, particularly in commercial and cargo transport, where diesel engines remain essential due to their high thermal efficiency and torque. Despite their advantages, diesel engines produce particulate matter (PM) in their exhaust, which poses environmental and health risks. To mitigate PM emissions, diesel particulate filters (DPFs) are integrated into exhaust systems. However, as PM accumulates in the DPF, pressure drops occur, increasing the load on the engine. Therefore, periodic removal of PM through oxidation, known as regeneration, is required. Optimizing the PM combustion temperature improves fuel efficiency, but since diesel engine exhaust temperatures typically range from 100 to 500 °C, catalysts that facilitate PM oxidation at lower temperatures are necessary. This study focuses on PM oxidation catalysts designed for low-temperature diesel exhaust conditions. One of the key challenges in this area is the difficulty in directly observing PM trapping and oxidation behavior within a catalyzed DPF. Additionally, changing the catalyst during experiments is not straightforward. To address these challenges, we have developed a numerical model that simulates the entire process—from PM deposition to oxidation—inside a DPF. This model allows for easy modification of catalyst properties, providing a flexible framework for analyzing PM oxidation behavior under various conditions. In this study, numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the PM deposition and oxidation processes within the DPF. The results were derived from a simplified model developed specifically for this research. The proposed calculation method allows for the qualitative assessment of DPF performance when catalysts are altered, contributing to the optimization of DPF design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Advances of Combustion and Its Emissions)
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19 pages, 3341 KiB  
Article
Investigating the Effect of Lubricating Oil Volatility and Ash Content on the Emission of Sub-23 nm Particles
by Salvatore Lagana, Sebastian A. Pfau, Ephraim Haffner-Staton, Antonino La Rocca and Alasdair Cairns
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(4), 2212; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15042212 - 19 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 504
Abstract
As the world transitions to decarbonized fuels, understanding the impact of engine oil on emissions remains crucial. Lubricant-derived particulate emissions can influence air quality and regulatory compliance in future transport. Researchers have predominantly focused on transient driving cycles to replicate real-world conditions and [...] Read more.
As the world transitions to decarbonized fuels, understanding the impact of engine oil on emissions remains crucial. Lubricant-derived particulate emissions can influence air quality and regulatory compliance in future transport. Researchers have predominantly focused on transient driving cycles to replicate real-world conditions and capture the full range of particle size. This emphasis has led to a lack of comprehensive data on oil-related particulate emissions during steady-state operations, particularly for particles smaller than 23 nm. This paper addresses this gap as upcoming regulations, such as Euro 7, are expected to impose stricter limits by extending measurement thresholds down to 10 nm. The investigation was conducted on a 1.0 L gasoline direct injection engine, assessing total particulate number (TPN) emissions using three oil formulations: a baseline oil with mid-ash content and mid-volatility, a low-ash and low-volatility oil (LoLo), and a high-ash and high-volatility oil (HiHi). A DMS500, with and without a catalytic stripper, measured particle size distribution and TPN. Two digital filters were applied to obtain particle number (PN) metrics comparable to condensation particle counters: “F1-PN > 23” with d50 = 23 nm and “F3-PN > 10” with d50 = 10 nm. Sub-23 nm particles dominated emissions, with baseline oil generally producing higher PN emissions except at low loads. Using F1-PN > 23, HiHi exhibited higher PN counts across moderate to high speeds, while F3-PN > 10 revealed lower PN emissions for HiHi at specific conditions, excluding 2250 rpm-fast idle. By a weighted arithmetic mean, HiHi’s emissions were 9.7% higher than LoLo with F1-PN > 23 and 3.6% higher with F3-PN > 10. Oil formulation did not influence nucleation mode diameter. A three-way ANOVA demonstrated that load and speed were the predominant factors affecting emissions over the entire testing map; albeit at specific operating conditions the effect of the oil is evident. This suggests that under steady-state conditions, carbon-based fuel still plays a key role in particle formation. Future work will investigate decarbonised fuels to further isolate the effect of oil on emissions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Advances of Combustion and Its Emissions)
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19 pages, 5129 KiB  
Article
The Influence of the Frequency of Ultrasound on the Exhaust Gas Purification Process in a Diesel Car Muffler
by Adil Kadyrov, Michał Bembenek, Bauyrzhan Sarsembekov, Aliya Kukesheva and Saltanat Nurkusheva
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(12), 5027; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14125027 - 9 Jun 2024
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1405
Abstract
This research aimed to analyze the possibility of installing an ultrasonic emitter in an already manufactured car and to prove the possibility of cleaning the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine through the action of an ultrasonic wave due to coagulation and [...] Read more.
This research aimed to analyze the possibility of installing an ultrasonic emitter in an already manufactured car and to prove the possibility of cleaning the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine through the action of an ultrasonic wave due to coagulation and examining the optimal regimes of its work. The existing theoretical solution to describe the proposed process was analyzed. A Mercedes-Benz M-Class ML 270 CDI MT car with the OM 612 DE 27 LA Diesel engine was used for the experiment. An ultrasound generator and an ultrasound emitter were connected to the muffler. The stand was connected to the car via the inlet with a rubber hose that directs the exhaust gases out of the car. The crankshaft speed of the engine was changed in the range of 750 to 1250 rpm, which corresponds to urban conditions when cars are moving in heavy traffic jams. The content of CH, CO, CO2, and O2 in the exhaust gas of the vehicle was determined as a function of the crankshaft speed without ultrasonic exposure and with ultrasonic exposure at an ultrasound frequency of 25, 28, and 40 kHz. The results of the experiment showed that the introduction of an ultrasonic emitter into the muffler reduced the smoke content of the gas, increased the oxygen content, and reduced the amount of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gases. With an increase in the ratio between the ultrasonic frequency and the angular velocity of the engine crankshaft (f/ω), the smoke content of the gas also decreased. At the maximum values of ultrasonic frequency and angular velocity of the engine crankshaft selected in the experimental studies, the minimum value of the ratio of gas smoke indicators was achieved, and the degree of purification was 10–13%. Such results correspond to the condition of optimal operation of the ultrasonic muffler, where the ratio of gas to smoke values should tend to a minimum. These results confirm the potential of using ultrasound as a method for cleaning exhaust gases and underline the need for further research in this area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Advances of Combustion and Its Emissions)
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