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From Fundamental Research to Application of Bio-Inspired, Bio-Hybrid, and Soft Robotics

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Robotics and Automation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2024) | Viewed by 5541

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Principles of Informatics Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
Interests: bio-inspired robotics; control engineering; navigation algorithms; robotics olfaction

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Guest Editor
Department of Systems and Control Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
Interests: bio-inspired robotics; distributed autonomous systems; motion planning algorithms

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Organisms have an excellent balance of intelligence and body, and are excellent in adaptability and robustness. Robotic systems that can behave like living organisms have been developed for many years. Among these robotic research, it has focused on mimicking the body structure of living organisms, modeling the intelligence of living organisms, and using biological materials as robotic components. In recent years, attention has been paid to the field of soft robotics, in which the robotic body is composed of soft materials. The biological experimental techniques and system design theories that support these fields are important for the next generation of robotics and should be recognized by researchers in a wide range of fields. The purpose of this Special Issue is to introduce the latest research in the areas of bio-inspired robotics, bio-hybrid robotics, and soft robotics. Because these areas are at the interface between science and engineering, we welcome submissions on a wide range of topics such as neuroethology, cyborg technology, and soft sensors.

Dr. Shunsuke Shigaki
Prof. Dr. Daisuke Kurabayashi
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • bio-inspired/bio-hybrid/soft robotics
  • behavioral algorithms
  • cyborg
  • embedded intelligence
  • ethology/neuroethology
  • soft materials

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 3374 KiB  
Article
Multi-Layered Interactive Target Guidance with Visual Safety in Convex-Shaped Obstacle Environments
by Kodai Kanno, Junya Yamauchi and Masayuki Fujita
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(24), 11544; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142411544 - 11 Dec 2024
Viewed by 696
Abstract
In this paper, we consider a control architecture for a mobile robot equipped with visual sensors to pursue a target object in an environment with convex-shaped obstacles. The pursuit involves crucial occlusion avoidance and field of view maintenance, referred to as visual safety. [...] Read more.
In this paper, we consider a control architecture for a mobile robot equipped with visual sensors to pursue a target object in an environment with convex-shaped obstacles. The pursuit involves crucial occlusion avoidance and field of view maintenance, referred to as visual safety. Our goal is to achieve this safety through a multi-layered control architecture consisting of a planning layer and a safety layer. We propose functions that represent occlusion avoidance and field of view maintenance and derive conditions for these to act as control barrier functions. Utilizing these functions, we implement an optimal control at the planning layer and an optimization-based control at the safety layer. The effectiveness of this method is verified through two tasks: guiding the target object into a target location and preventing the target object from entering a target location. Full article
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13 pages, 14885 KiB  
Article
Utilization of the Resonance Behavior of a Tendon-Driven Continuum Joint for Periodic Natural Motions in Soft Robotics
by Oliver Neumann, Bastian Deutschmann and Jens Reinecke
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(20), 9532; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14209532 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 904
Abstract
Continuum joints use structural elastic deformations to enable joint motion, and their intrinsic compliance and inherent mechanical robustness are envisioned for applications in which the robot, the human, and the environment need to be safe during interaction. In particular, the intrinsic compliance makes [...] Read more.
Continuum joints use structural elastic deformations to enable joint motion, and their intrinsic compliance and inherent mechanical robustness are envisioned for applications in which the robot, the human, and the environment need to be safe during interaction. In particular, the intrinsic compliance makes continuum joints a competitor to soft articulated joints, which require additional integrated spring elements. For soft articulated joints incorporating rigid and soft parts, natural motions have been investigated in robotics research to exploit this energy-efficient motion property for cyclic motions, e.g., locomotion. To the best of the author’s knowledge, there is no robotic system to date that utilizes the natural motion of a continuum joint under periodic excitation. In this paper, the resonant behavior of a tendon-driven continuum joint under periodic excitation of the torsional axis is experimentally investigated in a functional sense. In the experiments, periodic inputs are introduced on the joint side of a tendon driven continuum joint with four tendons. By modulating the pretension of the tendons, both the resonant frequency and the gain can be shifted, from 3 to 4.3 Hz and 2.8 to 1.4, respectively, in the present experimental setup. An application would be the rotation of a humanoid torso, where gait frequencies are synchronized with the resonant frequency of the continuum joint. Full article
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Review

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26 pages, 611 KiB  
Review
Data-Driven Policy Learning Methods from Biological Behavior: A Systematic Review
by Yuchen Wang, Mitsuhiro Hayashibe and Dai Owaki
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 4038; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14104038 - 9 May 2024
Viewed by 1441
Abstract
Policy learning enables agents to learn how to map states to actions, thus enabling adaptive and flexible behavioral generation in complex environments. Policy learning methods are fundamental to reinforcement learning techniques. However, as problem complexity and the requirement for motion flexibility increase, traditional [...] Read more.
Policy learning enables agents to learn how to map states to actions, thus enabling adaptive and flexible behavioral generation in complex environments. Policy learning methods are fundamental to reinforcement learning techniques. However, as problem complexity and the requirement for motion flexibility increase, traditional methods that rely on manual design have revealed their limitations. Conversely, data-driven policy learning focuses on extracting strategies from biological behavioral data and aims to replicate these behaviors in real-world environments. This approach enhances the adaptability of agents to dynamic substrates. Furthermore, this approach has been extensively applied in autonomous driving, robot control, and interpretation of biological behavior. In this review, we survey developments in data-driven policy-learning algorithms over the past decade. We categorized them into the following three types according to the purpose of the method: (1) imitation learning (IL), (2) inverse reinforcement learning (IRL), and (3) causal policy learning (CPL). We describe the classification principles, methodologies, progress, and applications of each category in detail. In addition, we discuss the distinct features and practical applications of these methods. Finally, we explore the challenges these methods face and prospective directions for future research. Full article
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14 pages, 1534 KiB  
Review
Usage of a Sensory-Motor Intervention System for Understanding the Adaptive Behavior of Insects
by Shunsuke Shigaki and Noriyasu Ando
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(3), 1139; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14031139 - 29 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1727
Abstract
Despite their diminutive neural systems, insects exhibit sophisticated adaptive behaviors in diverse environments. An insect receives various environmental stimuli through its sensory organs and selectively and rapidly integrates them to produce an adaptive motor output. Living organisms commonly have this sensory-motor integration, and [...] Read more.
Despite their diminutive neural systems, insects exhibit sophisticated adaptive behaviors in diverse environments. An insect receives various environmental stimuli through its sensory organs and selectively and rapidly integrates them to produce an adaptive motor output. Living organisms commonly have this sensory-motor integration, and attempts have been made for many years to elucidate this mechanism biologically and reconstruct it through engineering. In this review, we provide an overview of the biological analyses of the adaptive capacity of insects and introduce a framework of engineering tools to intervene in insect sensory and behavioral processes. The manifestation of adaptive insect behavior is intricately linked to dynamic environmental interactions, underscoring the significance of experiments maintaining this relationship. An experimental setup incorporating engineering techniques can manipulate the sensory stimuli and motor output of insects while maintaining this relationship. It can contribute to obtaining data that could not be obtained in experiments conducted under controlled environments. Moreover, it may be possible to analyze an insect’s adaptive capacity limits by varying the degree of sensory and motor intervention. Currently, experimental setups based on the framework of engineering tools only measure behavior; therefore, it is not possible to investigate how sensory stimuli are processed in the central nervous system. The anticipated future developments, including the integration of calcium imaging and electrophysiology, hold promise for a more profound understanding of the adaptive prowess of insects. Full article
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