Grounding Systems Optimization for Low-Frequency Fault Currents and Lightning Strikes, 2nd Edition

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue (SI) is devoted to presenting new developments and models as well as improvements in existing calculation methods in order to optimize the response of a grounding system to low-frequency fault currents and lightning strikes. The optimization includes the possibility of using materials other than copper for the construction of grounding electrodes, the assessment of ampacity and heating by the Joule effect due to the internal restance of the conductors, the effect of the grounding electrode damage due to oxidation, or the lack of contact with the conductive soil due to ground loosening. On the other hand, according to the soil conductivity model, any actions adopted to reduce the grounding resistance are also the subject of this SI. Additionally, any contribution to the optimization of lightning rod conductors in order to minimize the induced fields generated during lightning strikes is welcome. The topic is of great practical importance since it affects the safety requirements that the grounding system must meet. New models, improved calculations, new measurement techniques and other procedures are called to be published through this SI. Likewise, any input on non-destructive, non-invasive, and non-intrusive methods useful for checking the status of the grounding electrode will also be appreciated.

Prof. Dr. Eduardo Faleiro
Prof. Dr. Gabriel Asensio
Prof. Dr. Jorge Moreno
Guest Editors

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• transient response
• lightning-induced fields
• non-negligible internal impedance
• optima ground-line location
• grounding electrode heating
• ampacity study
• coated electrodes
• grounding system damage
• effects of electrode corrosion
• grounding malfunction detection test
• influence of soil modeling