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Mathematical Methods and Simulations in Mechanics and Engineering
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Mathematical Methods and Simulations in Mechanics and Engineering

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2024) | Viewed by 7860

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ivana D. Atanasovska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mathematical Institute of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: finite element analysis; structural analysis; dynamic analysis; stress analysis; solid mechanics; mechanics of materials; mechanical properties
Dr. Ana Pavlovic

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Interests: numerical simulation; solar vehicles; composite materials; impact; fracture; mechanics; fatigue
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of new mathematical methods and the extension of existing methods and procedures significantly influence the solution to different problems in theoretical and applied mechanics and engineering. Numerical methods, such as finite element, boundary element, and meshless methods, have played important roles in numerical simulations of complex and coupled problems in engineering mechanics, such as solid–fluid mechanics, parametric optimization, complex stress–strain analysis, the application of new materials, and thermal-solid models in real mechanical systems. This forms the basis for new solutions in engineering design, increasing energy efficiency and effective prediction of the behavior of different mechanical systems under complex real conditions.

This Special Issue will focus on advanced and contemporary research in mechanics and engineering, especially on developing advanced applications of new mathematical methods for effective simulations of complex problems, including analytical and numerical methods.

Prof. Dr. Ivana D. Atanasovska
Dr. Ana Pavlovic
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mathematical methods
  • numerical simulations
  • engineering design
  • stress–strain analysis
  • finite element method
  • optimization
  • solid–fluid problems
  • new materials
  • hydraulics
  • energy efficiency
  • thermal-solid problems

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3890 KiB  
Article
Thermo-Mechanical Coupled Analysis of Electric Vehicle Drive Shafts
by Se-Eun Kim, Chang-Ho Jung, Moon-Gu Lee, Sangwon Han, Jung-Lyul Park and Yongho Jeon
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(24), 11768; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142411768 - 17 Dec 2024
Viewed by 821
Abstract
With the growing concerns over global warming and abnormal weather patterns, the development of eco-friendly technologies has emerged as a critical research area in the transportation industry. In particular, the global automotive market, one of the most widely used sectors, has witnessed a [...] Read more.
With the growing concerns over global warming and abnormal weather patterns, the development of eco-friendly technologies has emerged as a critical research area in the transportation industry. In particular, the global automotive market, one of the most widely used sectors, has witnessed a surge in research on electric vehicles (EVs) in line with these trends. Compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, EVs require components with high strength and durability to achieve optimal performance. This study focuses on the development of a constant velocity (CV) joint, a critical component for reliably transmitting the maximum output of an electric vehicle motor. Unlike conventional numerical methods, the proposed thermo-mechanical coupled analysis simultaneously accounts for thermal and mechanical interactions, providing more realistic operational performance predictions. This analysis, conducted using the thermal modules of Ls-Dyna and ANSYS Mechanical, effectively simulated field operation scenarios. Prototype testing under simulated conditions showed a 6% discrepancy compared to numerical predictions, validating the high accuracy and reliability of the proposed method. This robust thermo-mechanical coupled analysis is expected to improve the durability and reliability of CV joint designs, advancing electric vehicle component development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematical Methods and Simulations in Mechanics and Engineering)
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15 pages, 10303 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation of Anchor Pullout and Shear Tests Using a Regularized Damage Model
by Matthieu Le Noir de Carlan, Ludovic Jason and Luc Davenne
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(23), 11262; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311262 - 3 Dec 2024
Viewed by 761
Abstract
The prediction of the mechanical behavior of anchorage plates in reinforced concrete is crucial for ensuring equipment reliability, particularly in sensitive installations. This paper employs finite element analysis to forecast the experimental outcomes of anchor pullout and shear tests. In this article, a [...] Read more.
The prediction of the mechanical behavior of anchorage plates in reinforced concrete is crucial for ensuring equipment reliability, particularly in sensitive installations. This paper employs finite element analysis to forecast the experimental outcomes of anchor pullout and shear tests. In this article, a regularized damage model is proposed to simulate the effects of loads transmitted to the concrete by the anchor rod. Specifically, a modified Mazars model is introduced, incorporating an “energetic” regularization in both tension and compression. The model is validated for a single anchor rod under tension and subsequently for a complete anchorage system subjected to both tension and shear forces. Various failure modes, such as concrete cone cracking or steel rupture, are accurately represented, alongside the overall anchorage strength. This approach, thus, faithfully reproduces the mechanical behavior of anchorage plates, ensuring equipment robustness under diverse loading conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematical Methods and Simulations in Mechanics and Engineering)
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17 pages, 4158 KiB  
Article
Investigations of the Windage Losses of a High-Speed Shrouded Gear via the Lattice Boltzmann Method
by Yu Dai, Caihua Yang and Xiang Zhu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(20), 9174; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14209174 - 10 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1056
Abstract
To suppress the adverse effect of the gear windage phenomenon in the high-speed aeronautic industry, a shroud as an effective alternative strategy is usually to enclose gears to reduce the windage behaviors of high-speed gears. To deeply understand these no-load power losses, this [...] Read more.
To suppress the adverse effect of the gear windage phenomenon in the high-speed aeronautic industry, a shroud as an effective alternative strategy is usually to enclose gears to reduce the windage behaviors of high-speed gears. To deeply understand these no-load power losses, this paper proposes a new simulation methodology based on the Lattice Boltzmann method to study the windage losses of a shrouded spur gear and conducts a series of numerical studies. The models reproduce a shroud spur gear varying radial and axial clearances to evaluate the influence of casing walls on windage losses. The simulation results were then compared with experimental values, showing a satisfactory agreement. Furthermore, a torque containment factor integrating the air compressibility at high Mach numbers is introduced to represent the reduction in torque (windage power losses) for the shrouded gear compared to the free case, and the theoretical formulae for predicting windage power losses are further improved for better applicability as the tight shroud approaches the gear during the preliminary design stage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematical Methods and Simulations in Mechanics and Engineering)
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19 pages, 4905 KiB  
Article
Yield Behaviour of Welded I-Shaped Steel Cross-Sections
by Luigi Palizzolo and Salvatore Benfratello
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(17), 8037; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14178037 - 8 Sep 2024
Viewed by 755
Abstract
The limit behaviour of I-shaped welded steel cross-sections subjected to axial force, shear, and bending moment is a crucial matter to ascertain the reliability of framed structures constituted by non-standard beam elements. International standards provide an approximate solution to the problem, and other [...] Read more.
The limit behaviour of I-shaped welded steel cross-sections subjected to axial force, shear, and bending moment is a crucial matter to ascertain the reliability of framed structures constituted by non-standard beam elements. International standards provide an approximate solution to the problem, and other studies have proposed improved approximate formulations to ascertain the real features of the relevant cross-sections. The present paper is devoted to enhancing the problem of the limit behaviour of plane I-shaped welded steel cross-sections subjected to axial force N, shear T and bending moment M; therefore, new appropriate formulations are proposed in order to define suitable new domains, both in planes N,T, N,M, and M,T and in the space N,T,M. The material is assumed as elastic–perfectly plastic and the Von Mises limit condition is adopted as the resistance criterion. The elastic stresses are described by the Navier formula and the Jourawski formula. The limit stress condition related to the contemporaneous presence of the acting forces is defined as the one that, at each point of the cross-section, fulfils the Von Mises limit condition as equality. The formulation is rigorously devoted to factory-made welded I-shaped steel cross-sections. Some numerical examples are reported in the application stage and useful comparison are carried out, with the results being obtainable by the application of the classical known standard formulae, proving the reliability and effectiveness of the determined domains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematical Methods and Simulations in Mechanics and Engineering)
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17 pages, 20093 KiB  
Article
Numerical Investigation of Low-Velocity Ice Impact on a Composite Ship Hull Using an FEM/SPH Formulation
by Ana Pavlovic and Giangiacomo Minak
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(17), 7679; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177679 - 30 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1209
Abstract
In cold climate regions, ships navigate through diverse ice conditions, making the varied interaction scenarios between hulls and ice critically important. It is crucial to consider the safety and integrity of the hull during an ice–hull interaction, especially in the presence of lightweight [...] Read more.
In cold climate regions, ships navigate through diverse ice conditions, making the varied interaction scenarios between hulls and ice critically important. It is crucial to consider the safety and integrity of the hull during an ice–hull interaction, especially in the presence of lightweight structures. Proper design and material selection can help improve the structure’s ability to withstand ice forces. Within the scope, understanding the behavior of ice and its interaction with the structure can inform the development of appropriate measures to minimize possible damage or failure. The current study focuses on the interactions occurring during the impact loading phases, which are characteristic of thin first-year ice. A sandwich structure made with carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy prepreg and PVC core was investigated. Low-velocity ice impact was modelled using the Ansys Workbench 2023 R2 and LS-DYNA R11 explicit solver. As the material model, the *MAT055 was chosen based on the literature, while ice was represented with its equation of state. The Tsai Wu criterion was adopted to identify tensile and compressive failure in the matrix and fibers. This simulation allowed us to evaluate how the composite material responds to ice impacts, considering factors such as the speed of the impact, the shape and thickness of the ice, and the properties of the composite material itself. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematical Methods and Simulations in Mechanics and Engineering)
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20 pages, 7399 KiB  
Article
Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Windage–Churning Behavior in Spur, Bevel, and Face Gears
by Yu Dai, Caihua Yang, He Liu and Xiang Zhu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(17), 7603; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177603 - 28 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1012
Abstract
This paper presents comparable sets of the no-load power loss as a product of windage and churning behaviors of a family of various rotating parts (i.e., disc, spur gear, straight bevel gear, and orthogonal face gear). Experimental measurements were carried out under pure [...] Read more.
This paper presents comparable sets of the no-load power loss as a product of windage and churning behaviors of a family of various rotating parts (i.e., disc, spur gear, straight bevel gear, and orthogonal face gear). Experimental measurements were carried out under pure air only and under partial immersion in oil to qualify and quantify the windage and churning effects of no-load power losses of a family of spur, bevel, and face gears along with a representative disc as the baseline. Aiming at exploring the influence of gear teeth on the total no-load power losses, two different theoretical analytical approaches are introduced to account for the churning contributions, by which the total power losses are estimated. Both analytical approaches compare well with the experimental findings. Furthermore, a spatial intersecting cross-axis gear (e.g., straight bevel gear and orthogonal face gear) results in higher no-load power losses than that of a representative disc or a parallel-axes gear. The significance of gear teeth (gear vs. disc) on windage behavior is presented, as well as the gear windage effects on the churning phenomenon in a high-speed splash-lubricated gear. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematical Methods and Simulations in Mechanics and Engineering)
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15 pages, 7448 KiB  
Article
Development of Models Relating Screw Conveying Capacity of Concrete to Operating Parameters and Their Use in Conveyor Operating Strategies to Consider Batch Production
by Wenda Yu, Defang Zou, Dong Li, Qingyuan Wang and Peng Peng
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(14), 6351; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146351 - 21 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1455
Abstract
The screw conveyor is the key equipment used to realize the casting and forming of concrete in prefabricated components (PC), and its performance affects the PC shape, quality, and cost. In batch production, there is a process variable, the residence time. It is [...] Read more.
The screw conveyor is the key equipment used to realize the casting and forming of concrete in prefabricated components (PC), and its performance affects the PC shape, quality, and cost. In batch production, there is a process variable, the residence time. It is affected by the quality of the downstream vibration process. This also results in operating parameters that are difficult to match to the time scales. Eventually, it can lead to problems such as low casting efficiency or poor molded quality. In this paper, the DEM simulation method is used to explain and quantify the relationship between the screw conveying capacity and three important operating parameters: the screw’s outer diameter, residence time, and screw speed. The axial and radial velocity vectors are used as features to analyze the changing rule of particle motion trajectory and mass flow rate. Based on the simulation data, the operating parameters and the mass flow rate are forward-fitted to establish the prediction model of the screw conveying capacity. In addition, the residence time is backward fitted from the screw speed and mass flow rate. It is used to estimate the concrete workability. Furthermore, the fitted forward and backward models explore how to propose feasible operational strategies to achieve automatic discharge during batch production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematical Methods and Simulations in Mechanics and Engineering)
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