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Antioxidants
Special Issues
Antioxidants and Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle and Vascular Health
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Antioxidants and Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle and Vascular Health

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 3580

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Thiago Silveira Álvares

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Food and Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil
Interests: bioactive compounds; functional foods; antioxidants; nutritional biochemistry; clinical trials; vascular health; endothelial function; angiogenesis; resistance exercise; muscle quality; exercise performance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aging is one of the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. One suggested mechanism by which aging induces vascular pathologies is promoting an imbalance between the synthesis of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and antioxidant protection, leading to oxidative stress, reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, and endothelial dysfunction. The reduction in the endothelium-dependent vasodilatory response, associated with the impairment of angiogenic processes and the subsequent pathological remodeling of the microcirculation, contributes to the reduction of tissue perfusion and impairs the functional capacity of older people. Furthermore, oxidative stress with advancing age is associated with other biological changes that can reduce skeletal muscle size, strength, and quality. Given the undesirable vascular and physical consequences of aging, establishing non-pharmacological strategies for prevention and treatment is essential for the health and well-being of the older population. Thus, this Special Issue of Antioxidants, entitled “Dietary Antioxidants and Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle and Vascular Health”, welcomes high-quality original papers and review articles that can contribute to the understanding of the role of dietary antioxidants in preventing age-related changes in skeletal muscle quality and vascular function.

Dr. Thiago Silveira Álvares
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • phytochemicals
  • phenolic compounds
  • antioxidant supplementation
  • bioactivity
  • oxidative stress
  • reactive oxygen species
  • nitric oxide
  • endothelial function
  • microvascular reactivity
  • muscle oxygenation
  • muscle quality
  • fatigue resistance
  • sarcopenia
  • aging

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1458 KiB  
Article
Effect of Curcumin Intake on Skeletal Muscle Oxygen Saturation Parameters in Older Participants
by Olavo João Frederico Ramos-Junior, Vivian dos Santos Pinheiro, Tatiane Gomes dos Santos de Souza and Thiago Silveira Alvares
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1175; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101175 - 26 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1598
Abstract
Introduction: Aging is associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Curcumin has been shown to increase NO bioavailability due to its ability to neutralize ROS, preventing oxidative stress. The present study aimed to investigate the effect [...] Read more.
Introduction: Aging is associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Curcumin has been shown to increase NO bioavailability due to its ability to neutralize ROS, preventing oxidative stress. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin intake on skeletal muscle oxygen parameters and exercise tolerance in response to exercise in older people. Changes in circulating levels of NO metabolites were also investigated. Methods: Older subjects consumed 10 g of turmeric root extract from Curcuma longa L. (containing 95.33% of the total curcuminoids) or placebo in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. A time of 2 h after ingestion, the participants performed one set of rhythmic handgrip exercise until the limit of tolerance, followed by 5 min of recovery. During exercise and exercise recovery, skeletal muscle oxygen saturation parameters were recorded. Results: During exercise, the amplitude of deoxyhemoglobin was greater after curcumin intake compared to placebo (CUR: 13.11 ± 9.52 vs. PLA: 10.22 ± 8.39 μM, p = 0.030). Furthermore, a faster skeletal muscle oxygen resaturation during exercise recovery was observed after curcumin compared to placebo (CUR: 1.01 ± 0.65 vs. PLA: 0.32 ± 0.20%.s−1, p = 0.004). These results were associated with significant changes in plasma nitrite (CUR: 6.82 ± 11.68 vs. PLA: −4.94 ± 17.28%, p = 0.028). There was no statistical difference in the total hemoglobin, exercise time until fatigue, and plasma nitrate between groups. Conclusions: The present study suggests that curcumin improves muscle oxygenation status at the capillary level in older adults by possibly improving muscle oxygen extraction and/or delivery, with no effect on exercise tolerance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants and Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle and Vascular Health)
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Review

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33 pages, 3159 KiB  
Review
Targeting Insulin Resistance, Reactive Oxygen Species, Inflammation, Programmed Cell Death, ER Stress, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction for the Therapeutic Prevention of Free Fatty Acid-Induced Vascular Endothelial Lipotoxicity
by Chong-Sun Khoi, Tzu-Yu Lin and Chih-Kang Chiang
Antioxidants 2024, 13(12), 1486; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13121486 - 5 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1547
Abstract
Excessive intake of free fatty acids (FFAs), especially saturated fatty acids, can lead to atherosclerosis and increase the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. FFAs also contribute to obesity, hyperlipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Palmitic acid (PA) is human plasma’s most abundant saturated fatty [...] Read more.
Excessive intake of free fatty acids (FFAs), especially saturated fatty acids, can lead to atherosclerosis and increase the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. FFAs also contribute to obesity, hyperlipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Palmitic acid (PA) is human plasma’s most abundant saturated fatty acid. It is often used to study the toxicity caused by free fatty acids in different organs, including vascular lipotoxicity. Fatty acid overload induces endothelial dysfunction through various molecular mechanisms. Endothelial dysfunction alters vascular homeostasis by reducing vasodilation and increasing proinflammatory and prothrombotic states. It is also linked to atherosclerosis, which leads to coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and stroke. In this review, we summarize the latest studies, revealing the molecular mechanism of free fatty acid-induced vascular dysfunction, targeting insulin resistance, reactive oxygen species, inflammation, programmed cell death, ER stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Meanwhile, this review provides new strategies and perspectives for preventing and reducing the impact of cardiovascular diseases on human health through the relevant targeting molecular mechanism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants and Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle and Vascular Health)
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