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Antioxidants
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Free-Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Properties of Melatonin, 2nd Edition
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Free-Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Properties of Melatonin, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2025) | Viewed by 9700

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marina Garcia-Macia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
Interests: oxidative stress; autophagy; lipophagy; metabolism; neuroscience; liver; metabolic diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Adrián Santos-Ledo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and León, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
2. Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
Interests: zebrafish; congenital heart diseases; development; neuroscience
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Melatonin, primarily recognized for its involvement in regulating seasonal reproductive phenomena, has emerged as a fascinating molecule with diverse biological effects, including its well-established antioxidant properties. 

Melatonin can maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, enhancing the activity of mitochondrial respiratory complexes I and IV, and promoting increased ATP production. These mechanisms contribute to protection against oxidative stress and support overall cellular health. Additionally, melatonin has demonstrated apoptotic effects in tumor cells, suggesting its potential application as a cancer treatment or adjunct therapy. 

This Special Issue, "Free-Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Properties of Melatonin, 2nd Edition", is a continuation of the fruitful first volume. It will continue to collect original research articles, reviews, and short communications which explore the antioxidant properties of melatonin and its metabolites in normal physiology and in different pathologies using different models (yeast, plants, mice, and so on) and in clinical settings.

Dr. Marina Garcia-Macia
Dr. Adrián Santos-Ledo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 5097 KiB  
Article
Impact of Melatonin Application in Winemaking on Phenolic Content, Tryptophan Metabolites, and Bioactivity of Red Wine
by Neda Đorđević, Nevena Todorović Vukotić, Ivana Perić, Otilija Keta, Vladana Petković, Snežana B. Pajović and Branislav Nastasijević
Antioxidants 2025, 14(5), 504; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14050504 - 23 Apr 2025
Viewed by 417
Abstract
Global wine consumption drives the interest for high-quality wine with enhanced health benefits. Yeast-produced tryptophan metabolites, including melatonin, a potent antioxidant, emerged as promising agents for enhancing functional properties of food and beverages. This study represents the pioneering work addressing whether melatonin supplementation [...] Read more.
Global wine consumption drives the interest for high-quality wine with enhanced health benefits. Yeast-produced tryptophan metabolites, including melatonin, a potent antioxidant, emerged as promising agents for enhancing functional properties of food and beverages. This study represents the pioneering work addressing whether melatonin supplementation during vinification affects Moldova red wine quality. Total phenolic/flavonoid contents, DPPH, and FRAP assays were measured via spectrophotometry, anthocyanins, and tryptophan metabolites using UPLC-MS/MS and UPLC-FLD, as well as cytotoxicity with the MTT assay. Results showed that addition of melatonin during the winemaking process increased total phenolic/flavonoid content, as well as the antioxidant capacity evidenced by increased anti-DPPH radical activity. These effects might be due to the stimulation of phenolic compound biosynthesis, particularly anthocyanins malvidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, and delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, which were found to be increased in the treated wine. Additionally, the study revealed that melatonin-enriched wine exhibited increased cytotoxicity against two cancer cell lines, HCT116 and PANC-1. Finally, melatonin supplementation enhanced the concentration of kynurenic acid, which, due to its cytoprotective and antioxidant properties, could further increase the health benefits of the resulting wine. These findings offer promising avenue for future research of melatonin-driven functional properties of wine and provide step forward to a natural product with added value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Free-Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Properties of Melatonin, 2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 3951 KiB  
Article
Functional Characterization of the Ciliate Stylonychia lemnae Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase, a Pivotal Enzyme in Melatonin Biosynthesis and Its Overexpression Leads to Peroxidizing Herbicide Tolerance in Rice
by Kyungjin Lee and Kyoungwhan Back
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1177; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101177 - 27 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1166
Abstract
Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) is a pivotal enzyme for melatonin biosynthesis in all living organisms. It catalyzes the conversion of serotonin to N-acetylserotonin (NAS) or 5-methoxytrypytamine (5-MT) to melatonin. In contrast to animal- and plant-specific SNAT genes, a novel clade of archaeal [...] Read more.
Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) is a pivotal enzyme for melatonin biosynthesis in all living organisms. It catalyzes the conversion of serotonin to N-acetylserotonin (NAS) or 5-methoxytrypytamine (5-MT) to melatonin. In contrast to animal- and plant-specific SNAT genes, a novel clade of archaeal SNAT genes has recently been reported. In this study, we identified homologues of archaeal SNAT genes in ciliates and dinoflagellates, but no animal- or plant-specific SNAT homologues. Archaeal SNAT homologue from the ciliate Stylonychia lemnae was annotated as a putative N-acetyltransferase. To determine whether the putative S. lemnae SNAT (SlSNAT) exhibits SNAT enzyme activity, we chemically synthesized and expressed the full-length SlSNAT coding sequence (CDS) in Escherichia coli, from which the recombinant SlSNAT protein was purified by Ni2+ affinity column chromatography. The recombinant SlSNAT exhibited SNAT enzyme activity toward serotonin (Km = 776 µM) and 5-MT (Km = 246 µM) as substrates. Furthermore, SlSNAT-overexpressing (SlSNAT-OE) transgenic rice plants showed higher levels of melatonin synthesis than wild-type controls. The SlSNAT-OE rice plants exhibited delayed leaf senescence and tolerance against treatment with the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducing herbicide butafenacil by decreasing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, suggesting that melatonin alleviates ROS production in vivo. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Free-Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Properties of Melatonin, 2nd Edition)
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19 pages, 8385 KiB  
Article
Mitochondria of Porcine Oocytes Synthesize Melatonin, Which Improves Their In Vitro Maturation and Embryonic Development
by Tianqi Zhu, Laiqing Yan, Shoulong Deng, Wenkui Ma, Fan Xia, Likai Wang, Xiao Ma, Guangdong Li, Zixia Shen, Yiwei Wang, Yao Fu, Pengyun Ji, Bingyuan Wang, Lu Zhang and Guoshi Liu
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 814; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070814 - 7 Jul 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2303
Abstract
The in vitro maturation efficiency of porcine oocytes is relatively low, and this limits the production of in vitro porcine embryos. Since melatonin is involved in mammalian reproductive physiology, in this study, we have explored whether endogenously produced melatonin can help in porcine [...] Read more.
The in vitro maturation efficiency of porcine oocytes is relatively low, and this limits the production of in vitro porcine embryos. Since melatonin is involved in mammalian reproductive physiology, in this study, we have explored whether endogenously produced melatonin can help in porcine oocyte in vitro maturation. We have found, for the first time in the literature, that mitochondria are the major sites for melatonin biosynthesis in porcine oocytes. This mitochondrially originated melatonin reduces ROS production and increases the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP production. Therefore, melatonin improves the quality of oocytes and their in vitro maturation. In contrast, the reduced melatonin level caused by siRNA to knockdown AANAT (siAANAT) is associated with the abnormal distribution of mitochondria, decreasing the ATP level of porcine oocytes and inhibiting their in vitro maturation. These abnormalities can be rescued by melatonin supplementation. In addition, we found that siAANAT switches the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, a Warburg effect. This metabolic alteration can also be corrected by melatonin supplementation. All these activities of melatonin appear to be mediated by its membrane receptors since the non-selective melatonin receptor antagonist Luzindole can blunt the effects of melatonin. Taken together, the mitochondria of porcine oocytes can synthesize melatonin and improve the quality of oocyte maturation. These results provide an insight from a novel aspect to study oocyte maturation under in vitro conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Free-Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Properties of Melatonin, 2nd Edition)
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Review

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17 pages, 312 KiB  
Review
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Melatonin in Secondary Traumatic Brain Injury
by Mariusz Sieminski, Michalina Reimus, Maria Kałas and Ewelina Stępniewska
Antioxidants 2025, 14(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14010025 - 28 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1524
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disease resulting from external physical forces acting against the head, leading to transient or chronic damage to brain tissue. Primary brain injury is an immediate and, therefore, rather irreversible effect of trauma, while secondary brain injury results [...] Read more.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disease resulting from external physical forces acting against the head, leading to transient or chronic damage to brain tissue. Primary brain injury is an immediate and, therefore, rather irreversible effect of trauma, while secondary brain injury results from a complex cascade of pathological processes, among which oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are the most prominent. As TBI is a significant cause of mortality and chronic disability, with high social costs all over the world, any form of therapy that may mitigate trauma-evoked brain damage is desirable. Melatonin, a sleep–wake-cycle-regulating neurohormone, exerts strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and is well tolerated when used as a drug. Due to these properties, it is very reasonable to consider melatonin as a potential therapeutic molecule for TBI treatment. This review summarizes data from in vitro studies, animal models, and clinical trials that focus on the usage of melatonin in TBI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Free-Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Properties of Melatonin, 2nd Edition)
28 pages, 1447 KiB  
Review
Melatonin’s Impact on Wound Healing
by Eun-Hwa Sohn, Su-Nam Kim and Sung-Ryul Lee
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1197; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101197 - 2 Oct 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3099
Abstract
Melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine) is an indoleamine compound that plays a critical role in the regulation of circadian rhythms. While melatonin is primarily synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan in the pineal gland of the brain, it can also be produced locally in various tissues, [...] Read more.
Melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine) is an indoleamine compound that plays a critical role in the regulation of circadian rhythms. While melatonin is primarily synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan in the pineal gland of the brain, it can also be produced locally in various tissues, such as the skin and intestines. Melatonin’s effects in target tissues can be mediated through receptor-dependent mechanisms. Additionally, melatonin exerts various actions via receptor-independent pathways. In biological systems, melatonin and its endogenous metabolites often produce similar effects. While injuries are common in daily life, promoting optimal wound healing is essential for patient well-being and healthcare outcomes. Beyond regulating circadian rhythms as a neuroendocrine hormone, melatonin may enhance wound healing through (1) potent antioxidant properties, (2) anti-inflammatory actions, (3) infection control, (4) regulation of vascular reactivity and angiogenesis, (5) analgesic (pain-relieving) effects, and (6) anti-pruritic (anti-itch) effects. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of scientific studies that demonstrate melatonin’s potential roles in supporting effective wound healing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Free-Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Properties of Melatonin, 2nd Edition)
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