Neopterin, Dihydroneopterin and Tetrahydrobiopterin in Inflammatory Stress
A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921).
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2024)
Special Issue Editor
Interests: role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease and inflammation; macrophage oxidative biochemistry in inflammation and cardiovascular disease; lipoprotein chemistry and oxidation; 7,8-dihydroneopterin and neopterin redox biochemistry; 7,8-dihydroneopterin and neopterin as clinical markers of stress and disease; protein and lipid oxidation mechanisms; oxidative stress in exercise
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
Immune activation of macrophage through T-cell release of interferon-γ causes the synthesis and release of a range of chemicals including the pterins 7,8-dihydroneopterin and neopterin [1, 2]. 7,8-Dihydroneopterin is a potent antioxidant and down regulator of CD36, while neopterin has been extensively used as a marker of immune cell activation, from viral inflammation through to cardiovascular disease. Neopterin is generated through the radical scavenging of superoxide and hypochlorite and is easily measured in plasma in urine [3].
Interferon activation of macrophages leads to the upregulation of GTP-cyclohydrolase I, which breaks down GTP to 7,8-dihydroneopterin-triphosphate, which in most cells in the body is converted to tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a critical cofactor in the synthesis of a number of critical compounds, including nitric oxide, phenylalanine, and serotonin. In primate macrophages, including humans, the enzymes needed for the conversion of 7,8-dihydroneopterin-triphosphate to BH4 are not expressed. As a result, 7,8-dihydroneopterin (78-DNP) is dephosphorylated and released into the cytoplasm, where it may diffuse out of the cell via nucleotide transporters [4]. 7,8-dihydroneopterin and BH4 [5] are both strong antioxidants, with 7,8-dihydroneopterin able to outcompete tocopherol for the lipid peroxyl radical during low-density lipoprotein oxidation [6].
This Special Issue invites submissions of original and review articles exploring pterins and oxidative stress.
We look forward to receiving your contributions.
Dr. Steven P. Gieseg
Guest Editor
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Keywords
- Neopterin Dihydroneopterin Tetrahydrobiopterin Oxidative Stress
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