Multi-Target Profile of Antioxidant Compounds, Including Repurposing and Combination Strategies—2nd Edition

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 2821

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Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Graecia” di Catanzaro, Campus “Salvatore Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Interests: docking; nucleic acids; drug design; molecular modeling; molecular dynamics; virtual screening; drug repurposing; natural products
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Our previous edition garnered an exceptional response, with a substantial number of high-quality submissions, resulting in a successful compilation of cutting-edge research and review articles. Building on this success, I am delighted to announce the second edition of our Special Issue, titled “Multi-Target Profile of Antioxidant Compounds, Including Repurposing and Combination Strategies—2nd Edition”.

The second edition of our Special Issue centers on the pivotal role of oxidative stress in multifactorial diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and stroke, underscoring the urgent need for more effective treatments. This edition emphasizes the development of multi-targeting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds as promising therapeutic agents, focusing on leveraging in silico techniques to enhance drug design. We invite contributions that explore innovative approaches in polypharmacology, particularly in designing and synthesizing novel antioxidant molecules, drug repurposing strategies, and discovering off-target effects for antioxidant therapies.

Dr. Roberta Rocca
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • polypharmacology
  • multi-target ligands
  • rational drug
  • design repurposing
  • off-target effects
  • computational techniques

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1895 KiB  
Article
Whole Blood Metabolomic Profiling of Mice with Tacrolimus-Induced Chronic Nephrotoxicity: NAD+ Depletion with Salvage Pathway Impairment
by Sho Nishida, Tamaki Ishima, Daiki Iwami, Ryozo Nagai and Kenichi Aizawa
Antioxidants 2025, 14(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14010062 - 7 Jan 2025
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Abstract
Tacrolimus (TAC)-induced chronic nephrotoxicity (TAC nephrotoxicity) is a serious issue for long-term graft survival in kidney transplantation. However, the pathophysiology of TAC nephrotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed whole blood samples from mice that developed TAC nephrotoxicity in order to discover [...] Read more.
Tacrolimus (TAC)-induced chronic nephrotoxicity (TAC nephrotoxicity) is a serious issue for long-term graft survival in kidney transplantation. However, the pathophysiology of TAC nephrotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed whole blood samples from mice that developed TAC nephrotoxicity in order to discover its mechanism. Mice were divided into a TAC group and a control group (n = 5 per group). The TAC group received TAC subcutaneously (1 mg/kg/day for 28 days), while the control group received normal saline instead. After the administration period, whole blood was collected and metabolomic analysis was performed, revealing significant changes in 56 metabolites. The major metabolic changes were related to uremic toxins, vascular damage, and NAD+. NAD+ levels were significantly lower in the TAC group, and ADP-ribose, nicotinamide, and nicotinamide N-oxide, which are degradation products of NAD+, were significantly higher, suggesting impairment of the NAD+ salvage pathway. NAD+ deficiency suggests cellular aging and mitochondrial dysfunction, which may induce vascular damage and chronic kidney disease. Our study demonstrated a correlation between low NAD+ levels and the pathophysiology of TAC nephrotoxicity. Full article
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33 pages, 2595 KiB  
Review
New Insights into Aspirin’s Anticancer Activity: The Predominant Role of Its Iron-Chelating Antioxidant Metabolites
by George J. Kontoghiorghes
Antioxidants 2025, 14(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14010029 - 29 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested that following long-term, low-dose daily aspirin (LTLDA) administration for more than 5 years at 75–100 mg/day, 20–30% of patients (50–80 years old) had a lower risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) and about the same proportion in developing iron [...] Read more.
Epidemiological studies have suggested that following long-term, low-dose daily aspirin (LTLDA) administration for more than 5 years at 75–100 mg/day, 20–30% of patients (50–80 years old) had a lower risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) and about the same proportion in developing iron deficiency anemia (IDA). In cases of IDA, an increase in iron excretion is suspected, which is caused by aspirin chelating metabolites (ACMs): salicylic acid, salicyluric acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid. The ACMs constitute 70% of the administered aspirin dose and have much longer half-lives than aspirin in blood and tissues. The mechanisms of cancer risk reduction in LTLDA users is likely due to the ACM’s targeting of iron involved in free radical damage, iron-containing toxins, iron proteins, and associated metabolic pathways such as ferroptosis. The ACMs from non-absorbed aspirin (about 30%) may also mitigate the toxicity of heme and nitroso-heme and other iron toxins from food, which are responsible for the cause of colorectal cancer. The mode of action of aspirin as a chelating antioxidant pro-drug of the ACMs, with continuous presence in LTLDA users, increases the prospect for prophylaxis in cancer and other diseases. It is suggested that the anticancer effects of aspirin depend primarily on the iron-chelating antioxidant activity of the ACMs. The role of aspirin in cancer and other diseases is incomplete without considering its rapid biotransformation and the longer half-life of the ACMs. Full article
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