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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Antimicrobial Resistance in Oral Microorganism
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Antimicrobial Resistance in Oral Microorganism

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 14672

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Maria Teresa Vinuesa Aumedes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Interests: clinical microbiology; oral microbiology; antimicrobial resistance; parasitology; tropical medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The appearance of multi-drug resistance in bacterial pathogens is a matter of concern and a serious public health problem, making the control of infections in several areas related to human health difficult, including dentistry.

Effective antibiotics are needed for both prophylaxis and to ensure low risk procedures in dental surgery. Nevertheless, resistance is driven by the overuse of antibiotics. Dentists are responsible for about 10% of antibiotic prescribing for humans, so the dental profession has a clear responsibility in resistance development. There is a need to reduce the unnecessary use of antibiotics in dental infections and support appropriate choice and the duration of treatment. It is highly relevant for oral surgeons and dental practitioners to know what they are confronted by. As patterns of resistance in oral microorganisms differ between places and over time, there is no one-size-fits-all global solution. In addition to antibiotics, other alternative therapies must also be sought to fight against resistant bacteria.

Therefore, the main subject of this Special Issue is addressed to evaluate the present situation of antimicrobial resistance in oral microorganisms. In addition, manuscripts concerning other antimicrobial strategies beyond antibiotics such as the use of laser or photodynamic therapies in the dental practice are welcome:

  1. Improving information on dental antibiotic use
  2. Patterns of resistance in the most common oral microorganisms
  3. Revision of indications for metronidazole use in dental infections
  4. Improvement in surveillance of resistance among key dental organisms
  5. Evaluating practice in antibiotic prescribing for severe odontogenic infections
  6. Use of other alternatives for oral disinfection.

Dr. Maria Teresa Vinuesa Aumedes
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Antimicrobial resistance
  • Oral microbiota
  • Antibiotic stewardship programmes
  • Patterns of resistance in oral isolates

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 2133 KiB  
Article
Antibiotics Prescription by Spanish General Practitioners in Primary Dental Care
by Laura Domínguez-Domínguez, Alfonso López-Marrufo-Medina, Daniel Cabanillas-Balsera, María Carmen Jiménez-Sánchez, Victoria Areal-Quecuty, José López-López, Juan. J. Segura-Egea and Jenifer Martin-González
Antibiotics 2021, 10(6), 703; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10060703 - 11 Jun 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2867
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the antibiotics prescription habits, both prophylactically and therapeutically, of Spanish general dental practitioners in the management of endodontic infections in primary care. Two hundred Spanish general dental practitioners were asked to respond to a survey [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to analyze the antibiotics prescription habits, both prophylactically and therapeutically, of Spanish general dental practitioners in the management of endodontic infections in primary care. Two hundred Spanish general dental practitioners were asked to respond to a survey on indications for antibiotics prescription in the treatment of endodontic infections, being 190 general dentists (95%) included in the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test. The average duration of antibiotics therapy was 6.5 ± 1.0 days. In patients without medical allergies, most of them (97%) selected amoxicillin as the antibiotic of the first choice, alone (51.1%) or associated with clavulanic acid (45.8%); in patients with penicillin allergies, the drug of choice was clindamycin 300 mg (70%). For cases of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, 44% of the respondents prescribed antibiotics, in the scenario of prophylactic antibiotic prescription, up to 27% of the general dentists prescribe according to non-current guidelines (1 g 1 h before or 1 g 1 h before and 1 g 1 h after) in non-indicated cases (16% in patients taking oral bisphosphonates). It is necessary to improve the antibiotic prescription habits of Spanish general dentists in endodontics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance in Oral Microorganism)
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Review

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11 pages, 626 KiB  
Review
Photodynamic Therapy in Endodontics: A Helpful Tool to Combat Antibiotic Resistance? A Literature Review
by Haitham Abdelkarim-Elafifi, Isabel Parada-Avendaño and Josep Arnabat-Dominguez
Antibiotics 2021, 10(9), 1106; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10091106 - 13 Sep 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4365
Abstract
Background: Antibiotic resistance has become a growing global problem where overprescription is a contributing factor for its development. In the endodontics field, complementary treatments, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), have been described to eliminate residual bacteria from the root canal space and [...] Read more.
Background: Antibiotic resistance has become a growing global problem where overprescription is a contributing factor for its development. In the endodontics field, complementary treatments, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), have been described to eliminate residual bacteria from the root canal space and reduce complications. The aim of this review is to describe the literature evidence up to now regarding the advantages, efficiency, and clinical outcomes of this therapy in endodontics as a possible tool to combat antibiotic resistance. Methods: A review of the literature from 2010 to 2021 was carried out using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Two steps were taken: First, articles were compiled through the terms and MeSH terms “Photochesdmotherapy” and “endodontics.” Then, a second search was conducted using “photodynamic therapy” and “antibiotic resistance” or “drug resistance, microbial.” Results: A total of 51 articles were included for evaluation: 27 laboratory studies, 14 reviews, and 10 clinical studies. Laboratory studies show that aPDT achieves significant bacterial elimination, even against antibiotic-resistant species, and is also effective in biofilm disruption. Clinical studies suggest that aPDT can be considered a promising technique to reduce bacterial complications, and reviews about the issue confirm its advantages. Conclusion: The benefits of aPDT in reducing complications due to its antibacterial effects means a possible decrease in systemic antibiotic prescription in endodontics. In addition, it could be an alternative to local intracanal antibiotic therapy, avoiding the appearance of possible antibiotic resistance, as no bacterial resistance with aPDT has been described to date. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance in Oral Microorganism)
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14 pages, 2574 KiB  
Review
Functionalized Nanoparticles Activated by Photodynamic Therapy as an Antimicrobial Strategy in Endodontics: A Scoping Review
by Pablo Betancourt, Nadia Brocal, Eulàlia Sans-Serramitjana and Carlos Zaror
Antibiotics 2021, 10(9), 1064; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10091064 - 2 Sep 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2882
Abstract
The eradication of endodontic pathogens continues to be the focus of the search for new root canal system (RCS) disinfection strategies. This scoping review provides a comprehensive synthesis of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using nanoparticles (NPs) as an alternative to optimize RCS disinfection. [...] Read more.
The eradication of endodontic pathogens continues to be the focus of the search for new root canal system (RCS) disinfection strategies. This scoping review provides a comprehensive synthesis of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using nanoparticles (NPs) as an alternative to optimize RCS disinfection. A systematic search up to March 2021 was carried out using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Lilacs, Central Cochrane Library, and BBO databases. We included studies focused on evaluating the activation of NPs by aPDT in inoculated root canals of human or animal teeth or bacterial cultures in the laboratory. The selection process and data extraction were carried out by two researchers independently. A qualitative synthesis of the results was performed. A total of seventeen studies were included, of which twelve showed a substantial antibacterial efficacy, two assessed the substantivity of the disinfection effect, and three showed low cytotoxicity. No adverse effects were reported. The use of functionalized NPs with photosensitizer molecules in aPDT has been shown to be effective in reducing the bacteria count, making it a promising alternative in endodontic disinfection. Further studies are needed to assess the development of this therapy in in vivo conditions, with detailed information about the laser parameters used to allow the development of safe and standardized protocols. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance in Oral Microorganism)
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Other

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12 pages, 2404 KiB  
Systematic Review
Systemic Antibiotic Prophylaxis to Reduce Early Implant Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Elisabet Roca-Millan, Albert Estrugo-Devesa, Alexandra Merlos, Enric Jané-Salas, Teresa Vinuesa and José López-López
Antibiotics 2021, 10(6), 698; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10060698 - 10 Jun 2021
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3523
Abstract
Systemic antibiotics are routinely prescribed in implant procedures, but the lack of consensus causes large differences between clinicians regarding antibiotic prophylaxis regimens. The objectives of this systematic review are to assess the need to prescribe antibiotics to prevent early implant failure and find [...] Read more.
Systemic antibiotics are routinely prescribed in implant procedures, but the lack of consensus causes large differences between clinicians regarding antibiotic prophylaxis regimens. The objectives of this systematic review are to assess the need to prescribe antibiotics to prevent early implant failure and find the most appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis regimen. The electronic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scielo and Cochrane Central Trials Database for randomized clinical trials of at least 3 months of follow-up. Eleven studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Antibiotics were found to statistically significantly reduce early implant failures (RR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.19–0.47, p < 0.00001; heterogeneity I2 = 0%, p = 0.54). No differences were seen between preoperative or both pre- and postoperative antibiotic regimens (RR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.21–1.55, p = 0.27; heterogeneity I2 = 0%, p = 0.37). A single preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis dose was found to be enough to significantly reduce early implant failures compared to no antibiotic (RR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.21–0.53, p < 0.00001; heterogeneity I2 = 0%, p = 0.61). In conclusion, in healthy patients a single antibiotic prophylaxis dose is indicated to prevent early implant failure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance in Oral Microorganism)
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