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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Diagnosis, Drug Resistance Mechanism and Molecular Epidemiology of Clinical Pathogens
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Diagnosis, Drug Resistance Mechanism and Molecular Epidemiology of Clinical Pathogens

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2024) | Viewed by 2570

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Fabio Aguiar-Alves

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Guest Editor
Biotechnology and Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Jeneiro 24220-900, Brazil
Interests: staphylococcus; antimicrobial resistance; molecular epidemiology; biofilms
Prof. Dr. Bruno de araujo Penna

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense 101, Professor Hernani Melo St, Building E, lab 611, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil
Interests: staphylococcus; antimicrobial resistance; molecular epidemiology; biofilms
Dr. Renata Freire Alves Pereira

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Renata Freire Alves Pereira - Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Fluminense University, ‎Rio de Janeiro‎, Brazil
Interests: staphylococcus; antimicrobial resistance; molecular epidemiology; biofilms

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pathogens are difficult-to-fight microorganisms and viruses. In recent years, many different types of molecules and methods were discovered and released to prevent and diagnose diseases. Regardless of the amount of effort put in the scientific part of the community to fight these diseases, we still face new and old pathogens causing a lot of social and economic losses to the world population. Therefore, new diagnostic methodologies and new molecules remain a real challenge to fighting these pathogens in a faster and more efficient way. This Special Issue plans to give an overview of the most recent advances in the field of Diagnosis, Drug Resistance Mechanism, and Molecular Epidemiology of Clinical Pathogens and their applications in diverse areas. This Special Issue is aimed at providing selected contributions on advances in molecular diagnosis, point of care diagnosis, whole genome sequence analysis, molecular characterization, antimicrobial agents and antibiofilm activity, as well as antiviral agents concerning fighting and accelerating the diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by these lethal agents.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:
  • Diagnosis of pathogens
  • Molecular diagnosis
  • Application of Whole genome sequencing to diagnosis and molecular epidemiology
  • Future perspectives for new diagnosis methodologies
  • Antimicrobial agents
  • Antibacterial molecules
  • Mechanisms of action
  • Food microbiology
  • Antiparasite agents
  • Antiviral molecules
  • Future perspectives for antimicrobial and antiviral agents.

Dr. Fabio Aguiar-Alves
Prof. Dr. Bruno de araujo Penna
Dr. Renata Freire Alves Pereira
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1408 KiB  
Article
Droplet Digital PCR for Acinetobacter baumannii Diagnosis in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Samples from Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
by Mirna Giselle Moreira, Anna Gabriella Guimarães Oliveira, Ihtisham Ul Haq, Tatiana Flávia Pinheiro de Oliveira, Wadi B. Alonazi, Antônio Augusto Fonseca Júnior, Vandack Alencar Nobre Junior and Simone Gonçalves dos Santos
Antibiotics 2024, 13(9), 878; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090878 - 13 Sep 2024
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Abstract
Advanced diagnostic technologies have made accurate and precise diagnosis of pathogens easy. Herein, we present a new diagnostic method, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), to detect and quantify Acinetobacter baumannii in mini bronchoalveolar lavage (mini-BAL) samples. A. baumannii causes ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), a severe [...] Read more.
Advanced diagnostic technologies have made accurate and precise diagnosis of pathogens easy. Herein, we present a new diagnostic method, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), to detect and quantify Acinetobacter baumannii in mini bronchoalveolar lavage (mini-BAL) samples. A. baumannii causes ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), a severe healthcare infection affecting patients’ lungs. VAP carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality, making its timely diagnosis crucial for prompt and effective management. Methodology. The assay performance was evaluated by comparing colonization data, quantitative culture results, and different generations of PCR (traditional PCR and Real-Time PCR—qPCR Taqman® and SYBR® Green). The ddPCR and qPCR Taqman® prove to be more sensitive than other molecular techniques. Reasonable analytical specificity was obtained with ddPCR, qPCR TaqMan®, and conventional PCR. However, qPCR SYBR® Green technology presented a low specificity, making the results questionable in clinical samples. DdPCR detected/quantified A. baumanni in more clinical samples than other methods (38.64% of the total samples). This emerging ddPCR technology offers promising advantages such as detection by more patients and direct quantification of pathogens without calibration curves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Drug Resistance Mechanism and Molecular Epidemiology of Clinical Pathogens)
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Review

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31 pages, 391 KiB  
Review
Rapid Molecular Diagnostics of Pneumonia Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria: A Clinician’s Review
by Ionela-Anca Pintea-Simon, Ligia Bancu, Anca Delia Mare, Cristina Nicoleta Ciurea, Felicia Toma and Adrian Man
Antibiotics 2024, 13(9), 805; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090805 - 25 Aug 2024
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Abstract
With approximately half a billion events per year, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) represent a major challenge for the global public health. Among LRTI cases, those caused by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are associated with a poorer prognostic. Standard-of-care etiologic diagnostics is lengthy and [...] Read more.
With approximately half a billion events per year, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) represent a major challenge for the global public health. Among LRTI cases, those caused by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are associated with a poorer prognostic. Standard-of-care etiologic diagnostics is lengthy and difficult to establish, with more than half of cases remaining microbiologically undocumented. Recently, syndromic molecular diagnostic panels became available, enabling simultaneous detection of tens of pathogen-related and antimicrobial-resistance genetic markers within a few hours. In this narrative review, we summarize the available data on the performance of molecular diagnostics in GNB pneumonia, highlighting the main strengths and limitations of these assays, as well as the main factors influencing their clinical utility. We searched MEDLINE and Web of Science databases for relevant English-language articles. Molecular assays have higher analytical sensitivity than cultural methods, and show good agreement with standard-of-care diagnostics regarding detection of respiratory pathogens, including GNB, and identification of frequent patterns of resistance to antibiotics. Clinical trials reported encouraging results on the usefulness of molecular assays in antibiotic stewardship. By providing early information on the presence of pathogens and their probable resistance phenotypes, these assays assist in the choice of targeted therapy, in shortening the time from sample collection to appropriate antimicrobial treatment, and in reducing unnecessary antibiotic use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Drug Resistance Mechanism and Molecular Epidemiology of Clinical Pathogens)
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