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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Bacteremia: Clinical Diagnostics and Epidemiology
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Bacteremia: Clinical Diagnostics and Epidemiology

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotic Therapy in Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2024) | Viewed by 6112

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Adam G. Stewart

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Campus, Brisbane, Australia
Interests: bloodstream infection; rapid diagnostics for sepsis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bacteremia incurs a high burden of disease globally. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both hospital and community settings. Old age and comorbidities, i.e., malignancy, end-organ disease, and diabetes mellitus, continue to place an individual at excess risk for bacteremia. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a relative increase in primary and respiratory disease-related bacteremia in addition to hospital-acquired bacteremia. COVID-19 has significantly changed the epidemiology of bacteremia, with primary and hospital-acquired BSI being more common in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Advances in microbiological techniques have led to improvements in the laboratory processing of blood culture specimens, reducing turnaround time, and increasing the speed of diagnosis of bacteremia. The increasing use of rapid molecular tests which identify the culprit pathogen and relevant antimicrobial resistance genes within hours also may be improving patient care in the modern era. Other contemporary diagnostic platforms can provide antimicrobial susceptibility results from blood culture samples in a fraction of the time, thereby shifting the treatment of bacteremia earlier toward more narrow-spectrum therapy. This Special Issue seeks manuscript submissions that further our understanding of the epidemiology and microbiological diagnosis of bacteremia. Submissions on novel rapid diagnostics and updates regarding the prevention of bacteremia are especially encouraged.

Dr. Adam G. Stewart
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bacteremia
  • bloodstream infection
  • epidemiology
  • treatment

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

8 pages, 219 KiB  
Article
The Yield of One vs. Two Blood Cultures in Children: Under-Detection and Over-Testing
by Anat Zalmanovich, Elizabeth Temkin, Dikla Biran and Yehuda Carmeli
Antibiotics 2024, 13(2), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13020113 - 23 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1400
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether obtaining two blood cultures (BCs) instead of one improved the detection of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in children. For this descriptive study, we used surveillance data collected in 2019–2021 from all Israeli hospitals serving children. The sample included 178,702 [...] Read more.
We aimed to determine whether obtaining two blood cultures (BCs) instead of one improved the detection of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in children. For this descriptive study, we used surveillance data collected in 2019–2021 from all Israeli hospitals serving children. The sample included 178,702 culturing episodes. One BC was taken in 90.1% of all episodes and 98.2% of episodes in the emergency department. A true pathogen was detected in 1687/160,964 (1.0%) of single-culture episodes and 1567/17,738 (8.9%) of two-culture episodes (p < 0.001). The yield was significantly different even when considering only the first BC in two-culture episodes: 1.0% vs. 7.5%. Among 1576 two-culture episodes that were positive for a true pathogen, the pathogen was detected only in the second culture in 252 (16.0%). We estimated that if a second culture had been taken in all episodes, an additional 343 BSIs by a true pathogen would have been detected. Among 1086 two-culture episodes with commensal bacteria, the second BC was sterile in 530 (48.8%), suggesting contamination. A commensal was isolated in 3094/4781 (64.7%) positive single-culture episodes, which could represent BSI or contamination. The yield of a single BC bottle was low, reflecting both lower sensitivity of a single bottle and the taking of single bottles in patients with a low probability of BSI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacteremia: Clinical Diagnostics and Epidemiology)
11 pages, 314 KiB  
Article
Bloodstream Infections by Pantoea Species: Clinical and Microbiological Findings from a Retrospective Study, Italy, 2018–2023
by Roberto Casale, Matteo Boattini, Gabriele Bianco, Sara Comini, Silvia Corcione, Silvia Garazzino, Erika Silvestro, Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa, Rossana Cavallo and Cristina Costa
Antibiotics 2023, 12(12), 1723; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12121723 - 13 Dec 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4318
Abstract
(1) Background: The widespread use of MALDI-TOF coupled to mass spectrometry has improved diagnostic accuracy by identifying uncommon bacteria. Among Enterobacterales, Pantoea species have been seen to be implicated in several human infections, but their clinical and microbiological framework is currently based on [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The widespread use of MALDI-TOF coupled to mass spectrometry has improved diagnostic accuracy by identifying uncommon bacteria. Among Enterobacterales, Pantoea species have been seen to be implicated in several human infections, but their clinical and microbiological framework is currently based on a few anecdotal reports. (2) Methods: We conducted this five-year (2018–2023) single-center study aimed at investigating the prevalence and clinical and microbiological findings of Pantoea species bloodstream infections. (3) Results: Among the 4996 bloodstream infection Gram-negative isolates collected during the study period, Pantoea species accounted for 0.4% (n = 19) of isolates from 19 different patients, 5 of them being pediatric cases. Among Pantoea species isolates, P. agglomerans was the most frequently detected (45%; n = 9) followed by P. eucrina (30%; n = 6) and P. septica (15%; n = 3). Malignancy (35.7%) in adults and malignancy (40%) and cerebrovascular disease following meconium aspiration (40%) in pediatric patients as comorbidities and shivering and/or fever following parenteral infusion (36.8%) as a symptom/sign of Pantoea species bloodstream infection onset were the most frequently observed clinical features. Among adults, primary bloodstream infection was the most frequent (50%), whereas among pediatric patients, the most commonly identified sources of infection were catheter-related (40%) and the respiratory tract (40%). Overall, Pantoea species bloodstream infection isolates displayed high susceptibility to all the antibiotics except for ampicillin (63.2%), fosfomycin (73.7%), and piperacillin/tazobactam (84.2%). Targeted antibiotic treatment was prescribed as monotherapy for adults (71.4%) and combination therapy for pediatric patients (60%). The most prescribed antibiotic regimens were piperacillin/tazobactam (21.4%) in adults and meropenem- (40%) and aminoglycoside-containing (40%) antibiotics in pediatric patients. The overall 28-day all-cause mortality rate was 5.3% (n = 1). (4) Conclusions: The prevalence and 28-day mortality rate of Pantoea species bloodstream infections were low. The prescription of targeted therapy including broad-spectrum antibiotics could indicate an underestimation of the specific involvement of the Pantoea species in the onset of the disease, warranting further studies defining their pathogenic potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacteremia: Clinical Diagnostics and Epidemiology)
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