Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs): Prevention, Control and Surveillance, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotics Use and Antimicrobial Stewardship".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 December 2026 | Viewed by 1631

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: healthcare-associated infections (HAIs); infection prevention and control; HAIs management and control; antimicrobial resistance; carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB); disinfectant tolerance
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The success of the Special Issue “Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs): Prevention, Control and Surveillance” has encouraged us to launch a second volume on the same topic. As a continuation of the Special Issue, this second volume will focus on Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are infections acquired while patients receive treatment for medical or surgical conditions. The widespread misuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, which are responsible for most HAIs. HAIs are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospital stays, and greater healthcare costs. Surveillance of HAIs is important to measure their burden, identify high-risk populations and procedures, and guide efforts to reduce HAI incidence. HAI surveillance is a core component of infection prevention and control (IPC) programmes worldwide. IPC is a practical, evidence-based approach that prevents patients and health workers from being harmed by avoidable infections. IPC involves all aspects of healthcare, including antimicrobial resistance. The frequency of HAIs varies between countries and according to economic conditions. The risk of acquiring an HAI is up to 20 times higher in low-/middle-income countries (LMICs). Interestingly, Enterobacterales, Acinetobacter spp., and Pseudomonas spp. have shown the highest prevalence of antibiotic resistance, including carbapenem resistance, in LMICs, as evidenced by a global survey. Effective IPC requires constant action at all levels of the health system, from policymakers, facility managers, health workers, and those who access health services.

For this Special Issue, we invite you to submit a manuscript related to all aspects concerning HAI detection, control, and management.

Dr. Maria Bagattini
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)
  • infection prevention and control
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • HAIs management and control
  • carbapenem resistant (CR) Enterobacterales
  • carbapenem resistant (CR) Acinetobacter baumannii

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Research

12 pages, 978 KB  
Article
Multimodal Implementations to Reduce Neonatal Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Colistin Use: An Interrupted Time Series
by Gunlawadee Maneenil, Anucha Thatrimontrichai, Praew Chareesri, Pattima Pakhathirathien, Manapat Praditaukrit, Supaporn Dissaneevate, Supika Kritsaneepaiboon and Anucha Apisarnthanarak
Antibiotics 2026, 15(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15010019 - 22 Dec 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: We investigated multimodal strategies to reduce neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and antimicrobial use across three periods: period 1 (2014–2017), environmental cleaning with sodium hypochlorite, installation of heat and moisture exchangers, elective high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) as the primary invasive mode, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: We investigated multimodal strategies to reduce neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and antimicrobial use across three periods: period 1 (2014–2017), environmental cleaning with sodium hypochlorite, installation of heat and moisture exchangers, elective high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) as the primary invasive mode, and nasal HFOV after extubation; period 2 (2018–2020), oral care with maternal milk; and period 3 (2021–2024), nasal synchronized intermittent positive pressure ventilation after extubation. Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study of all neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in Thailand. We compared the trends in VAP and antimicrobial use rates using interrupted time-series analysis with segmented regression. Results: During the 11-year study period, 45.6% of neonates were intubated (2470/5414), and the ventilator utilization ratio was 0.19 (17,820 ventilator days/95,151 patient days). The overall VAP incidence was 4.55 per 1000 ventilator days. The yearly VAP incidence density ratio was significantly lower than in 2014. The baseline trend of VAP incidence and colistin use decreased significantly during period 1; nonetheless, the level and slope did not differ significantly between periods 1, 2, and 3. Conclusions: Tailored implementations, namely environmental decontamination, ventilator circuit care, elective HFOV, and nasal HFOV, reduced VAP and colistin use during period 1. Moreover, additive interventions, including oral care in period 2 and nasal synchronized intermittent positive pressure ventilation in period 3, achieved sustained VAP reduction and limited colistin prescriptions in period 1. Full article
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