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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Antibiotic Choices for Pediatric Infections
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Antibiotic Choices for Pediatric Infections

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotic Therapy in Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 April 2026) | Viewed by 2021

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Theodouli Stergiopoulou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Consultation in General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics and Maternity Department, Neonatal Unit, Polyclinique Klinik St-Joseph St-Vith, Klosterstrasse 4/2/2, 4780 Saint Vith, Belgium
Interests: pediatric; neonatal infectious diseases; fungal infections
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Community bacterial infections and severe invasive infections in the pediatric population have different characteristics compared to adults. Furthermore, there is no homogeneity in pediatric patients regarding the absorption and metabolism of antimicrobial agents, since there are many age subgroups (neonates, toddlers, children). Thus, the choice of the most optimal antibiotic management is essential and an important goal of the scientific community.

This Special Issue of Antibiotics encourages the submission of original research papers, short communications, reviews, case reports, and perspectives that concentrate on but are not limited to the following:

  • Optimal antibiotic dosage and time administration;
  • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antimicrobial agents;
  • Development and approval of new antibiotics;
  • Adherence to local or international guidelines in antibiotic treatment;
  • Alternative antibiotic treatment after allergic reactions or anaphylaxis;
  • Antibiotic resistance in pediatric populations.

Dr. Theodouli Stergiopoulou
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pediatric
  • neonatal infectious diseases
  • antimicrobial agents
  • antibiotic treatment

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 501 KB  
Article
Infections in Pediatric Palliative Care Units: Clinical and Microbiological Perspectives from a Single Center
by Sefika Aldas, Merve Türkegün Şengül, Berfin Ozgökçe Ozmen and Sanlıay Sahin
Antibiotics 2026, 15(3), 261; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15030261 - 3 Mar 2026
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Abstract
Aim: Infections and multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens are concerns in pediatric palliative care (PPC) units, where children with life-limiting conditions undergo invasive procedures and prolonged hospitalization. This study evaluated clinical characteristics, microbiological profiles, and factors associated with MDR infections among pediatric patients hospitalized [...] Read more.
Aim: Infections and multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens are concerns in pediatric palliative care (PPC) units, where children with life-limiting conditions undergo invasive procedures and prolonged hospitalization. This study evaluated clinical characteristics, microbiological profiles, and factors associated with MDR infections among pediatric patients hospitalized in a PPC unit. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 66 children aged 1 month to 18 years who were admitted to the PPC unit of our hospital due to infection between June 2023 and January 2024. Demographic data, comorbidities, device use, infection sites, and microbiological results were reviewed. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using the Vitek2 system and interpreted according to EUCAST. Results: The median age was 48 months (IQR 19–106); 63.6% were male. Lower respiratory tract infection was most common (68.2%), followed by sepsis (13.6%) and urinary tract infection (12.1%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36.4%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (27.3%) predominated. MDR organisms represented 15.2% of isolates. MDR infections were significantly associated with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy or mechanical ventilation use (p = 0.033). Prolonged hospitalization and multiple comorbidities tended to increase the MDR risk but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Gram-negative MDR infections constitute an important problem in PPC units. Frequent exposure to invasive devices and antibiotics increases susceptibility to resistant pathogens. Reinforcing infection prevention, optimizing antimicrobial stewardship, and monitoring device-related infections are essential to reduce morbidity and improve care quality in pediatric palliative care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Choices for Pediatric Infections)
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11 pages, 2082 KB  
Article
Evaluating Early Macrolide Therapy in Pediatric Campylobacter Enterocolitis: A Comparative Study
by Ho Jung Choi, Yoon Kyung Cho, Ye Ji Kim, Hyun Mi Kang, Dae Chul Jeong and In Hyuk Yoo
Antibiotics 2026, 15(2), 171; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15020171 - 5 Feb 2026
Viewed by 748
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Azithromycin is widely recommended as the first-line treatment for pediatric Campylobacter enterocolitis, although supporting evidence is limited and there is a lack of studies evaluating the efficacy of other macrolide antibiotics. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of starting macrolide therapy [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Azithromycin is widely recommended as the first-line treatment for pediatric Campylobacter enterocolitis, although supporting evidence is limited and there is a lack of studies evaluating the efficacy of other macrolide antibiotics. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of starting macrolide therapy within three days of symptom onset in pediatric patients with Campylobacter enterocolitis. Methods: Pediatric patients under 19 years of age with a new diagnosis of Campylobacter enterocolitis were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive macrolide antibiotic treatment with either azithromycin or clarithromycin in a 1:1 ratio. Additionally, a retrospective historical cohort of pediatric patients diagnosed with Campylobacter enterocolitis prior to the study period, who did not receive macrolide antibiotics, was retrospectively reviewed for comparison. This dual approach allowed for the evaluation of macrolide therapy’s effectiveness against untreated cases. Results: The study included 27 patients in the macrolide group and 37 patients in the non-macrolide group. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were comparable between groups. Early macrolide therapy was associated with reduced hospital stay (3.8 ± 0.7 vs. 4.5 ± 0.9 days), shorter duration of diarrhea (1.8 ± 1.2 vs. 3.4 ± 0.7 days, p < 0.001), and shorter duration of fever (1.1 ± 0.6 vs. 2.8 ± 1.0 days, p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the duration of vomiting (p = 0.061). Conclusions: Early initiation of macrolide antibiotics in children with Campylobacter enterocolitis significantly accelerated complete clinical resolution and shortened hospitalization, particularly by hastening the resolution of diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. These findings support the use of early macrolide therapy for pediatric Campylobacter enterocolitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Choices for Pediatric Infections)
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