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Antibiotics
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Molecular Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Carbapenem Resistance in Clinical Gram-Negative...
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Molecular Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Carbapenem Resistance in Clinical Gram-Negative Bacteria

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanism and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 3478

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ángel Rodríguez-Villodres

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology Clinical and Molecular Microbiology Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) University of Seville, CSIC University Hospitals Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; epidemiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. José Manuel Ortiz De La Rosa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
2. Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
Interests: multidrug resistance; clinical pathogens; antimicrobial susceptibility testing; gram negatives; genomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is a serious and growing worldwide issue. Despite the recent development of new antimicrobials, carbapenems remain the mainstay of treatment for serious infections due to their broad spectrum of activity. The rate of carbapenem-resistant microorganisms (especially Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii) is increasing across the globe, but not at the same rate in all regions. Understanding the epidemiology of these microorganisms, as well as the mechanisms responsible for this resistance, is essential to properly control the spread of these microorganisms and optimize antibiotic therapy.

This Special Issue welcomes article submissions that focus on the epidemiology and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Articles focusing on the molecular characterization of the mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in clinical isolates are encouraged. Original research and reviews are welcome.

Dr. Ángel Rodríguez-Villodres
Dr. José Manuel Ortiz De La Rosa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • carbapenem resistance
  • Enterobacterales
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Acinetobacter baumannii
  • molecular epidemiology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2177 KiB  
Article
A Possible Tool for Guiding Therapeutic Approaches to Urinary Infections with Klebsiella pneumoniae: Analyzing a Dataset from a Romanian Tertiary Hospital
by Dragos Stefan Lazar, Maria Nica, Daniel Romeo Codreanu, Alma Gabriela Kosa, Lucian L. Visinescu, Corneliu Petru Popescu, Ion Cristian Efrem, Simin Aysel Florescu and George Sebastian Gherlan
Antibiotics 2024, 13(12), 1170; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13121170 - 3 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1051
Abstract
Introduction: The emergence of carbapenem-resistant pathogenic bacteria is a growing global public health concern. Carbapenem-resistant uropathogenic strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae can cause uncomplicated or complicated urinary tract infections, leading to a high risk of treatment failure and the spread of resistance determinants. The [...] Read more.
Introduction: The emergence of carbapenem-resistant pathogenic bacteria is a growing global public health concern. Carbapenem-resistant uropathogenic strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae can cause uncomplicated or complicated urinary tract infections, leading to a high risk of treatment failure and the spread of resistance determinants. The objectives of this 24-month study were to identify the prognostic characteristics of patients who were infected with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKpn) and to create a tool to estimate the probability of a CRKpn infection before having the complete results of a patient’s antibiogram. Results: We found that 41.6% of all urinary infections with Kpn were caused by CRKpn. Factors such as male gender, the presence of upper urinary tract infections, invasive urinary maneuvers, recent infection with or carriage of the germ, and the nosocomial occurrence of UTIs with Kpn were predictive for CRKpn infection. Based on these factors, we proposed a model to estimate the presence of CRKpn. Methods: A retrospective case–control study including all hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae was carried out. We reported data as percentages, identified independent predictors of the presence of CRKpn, and proposed a tool to evaluate the probability through multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Through this study, we aim to provide clinicians with a tool to support decision making regarding first-line antibiotic treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Carbapenem Resistance in Clinical Gram-Negative Bacteria)
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Review

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15 pages, 1668 KiB  
Review
Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales in the Western Balkans: Addressing Gaps in European AMR Surveillance Map
by Snezana Brkic and Ivana Cirkovic
Antibiotics 2024, 13(9), 895; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090895 - 19 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2010
Abstract
In the context of global efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the importance of comprehensive AMR data is more crucial than ever. AMR surveillance networks, such as the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net) and the Central Asian and European Surveillance of Antimicrobial [...] Read more.
In the context of global efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the importance of comprehensive AMR data is more crucial than ever. AMR surveillance networks, such as the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net) and the Central Asian and European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (CAESAR), support member states in obtaining high-quality AMR data. Nevertheless, data gaps persist in some countries, including those in the Western Balkans (WBs), a region with high AMR rates. This review analyzed existing research on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) to better understand the AMR landscape in the WB countries. The most prevalent CRE was Klebsiella pneumoniae, followed by Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Proteus mirabilis, with sporadic cases of Morganella morganii, Providencia spp., Klebsiella oxytoca, and Citrobacter sedlakii. Carbapenemase production was identified as the most common mechanism of carbapenem resistance, but other resistance mechanisms were not investigated. An increasing trend in carbapenem resistance has been observed over the last decade, alongside a shift in carbapenemase epidemiology from the NDM type in 2013–2014 to the OXA-48 type in recent years. Few studies have applied whole-genome sequencing for CRE analysis, which has demonstrated the spread of resistance determinants across different niches and over time, emphasizing the importance of molecular-based research. The overall low number of studies in the WB countries can be attributed to limited resources, highlighting the need for enhanced support in education, training, technology, and equipment to improve data collection and evaluation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Carbapenem Resistance in Clinical Gram-Negative Bacteria)
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