Epidemiology, Drug Resistance, and Virulence in Zoonotic Pathogens

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotics in Animal Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2025) | Viewed by 854

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. USDA Southeast Poultry Research Laboratories, Athens, GA, USA
2. Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
Interests: molecular basis of antimicrobial resistance and spread; bacterial adaptation and evolution; host-pathogen interactions

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Guest Editor
Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
Interests: molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance
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Guest Editor
Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
Interests: clinical microbiology; antimicrobial resistance; zoonosis; bacterial ecology and evolution pathogenesis; metagenomics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Zoonotic pathogens, responsible for diseases that naturally transmit between animals and humans, pose a significant public health concern due to their potential for widespread outbreaks. The emergence of drug resistance in these microorganisms exacerbates the challenge as traditional antimicrobial treatments become ineffective, leading to increased morbidity and mortality in both animals and humans. Similarly, an increase in the virulence of zoonotic pathogens is of great concern since highly virulent agents are often associated with higher transmission rates and greater illness severity. Considering the current antimicrobial crisis, a better understanding of the mechanisms driving virulence and drug resistance in zoonotic pathogens is essential for developing effective control and prevention strategies. Research in this field not only informs public health interventions but also guides policy decisions regarding antimicrobial use and wildlife management, aiming to mitigate the risks posed by these pathogens. Hence, this Special Issue seeks manuscripts documenting research on the development and spread of virulence and antimicrobial resistance among zoonotic pathogens. Both original research and review articles are welcome.

Dr. Sonsiray Alvarez-Narvaez
Dr. Laura Huber
Prof. Dr. Susan Sanchez
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • antimicrobial resistance
  • epidemiology
  • molecular epidemiology
  • virulence
  • host–pathogen interactions
  • zoonosis
  • one health

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 367 KB  
Article
Risk Factors and Clinical Impact of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Bacteremia Among Hospitalized Patients
by Tri Pudy Asmarawati, Fikri Sasongko Widyatama, Hari Basuki Notobroto, Nasronudin Nasronudin, Motoyuki Sugai and Kuntaman Kuntaman
Antibiotics 2025, 14(9), 882; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14090882 - 1 Sep 2025
Viewed by 547
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) has increased significantly, impacting prognoses due to delayed or limited treatment options. We aimed to determine the demographic patterns, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of ESBL-producing E. coli in a top-referral [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) has increased significantly, impacting prognoses due to delayed or limited treatment options. We aimed to determine the demographic patterns, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of ESBL-producing E. coli in a top-referral hospital in Indonesia. Methods: This study was observational in design and focused on hospitalized patients with bacteremia due to E. coli during 2022–2024. Results: We identified 224 patients during the study period. The median of length of stay was 7 (3–13) days. Mortality occurred in 149 (66.55%) patients, and there was no difference in the mortality between patients with ESBL E. coli and those with non-ESBL E. coli. The severity of illness, as defined by the Pitt bacteremia score (PBS), was higher in the ESBL E. coli group. Urinary tract infection (UTI), previous antibiotic use, and central venous catheter (CVC) insertion were independent risk factors for bacteremia due to ESBL E. coli bacteremia. Male gender, shorter length of stay (LOS), solid tumor, pneumonia, mechanical ventilation, CVC insertion, inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy (IIAT), and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score were risk factors for mortality in bacteremia caused by E. coli, including both ESBL and non-ESBL producers. Male gender, shorter LOS, CVC usage, and SOFA score were independent risk factors for mortality in bacteremia due to ESBL E. coli. Conclusions: ESBL-producing E. coli increases the severity of bacteremia. Recognizing patients at high risk for ESBL-producing E. coli infections is crucial for initiating appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment targeting ESBL-producing pathogens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Drug Resistance, and Virulence in Zoonotic Pathogens)
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