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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Antimicrobial Treatment and Antibiotic Use in Ophthalmology
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Antimicrobial Treatment and Antibiotic Use in Ophthalmology

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotic Therapy in Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 987

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Mark Willcox

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Interests: new antimicrobial agents; antimicrobial resistance; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; antimicrobial biomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial Treatment and Antibiotic Use in Ophthalmology is a rapidly evolving field that addresses critical challenges in preventing and managing ocular infections. In the context of increasing concerns about antimicrobial resistance and the need for optimized therapeutic strategies, ophthalmology offers unique opportunities for innovation, ranging from targeted drug delivery systems to stewardship programs that balance efficacy with safety. This Special Issue of Antibiotics request contributions from researchers, clinicians, and industry experts such as cutting-edge studies, reviews, and case reports that advance our understanding of antibiotic use in ocular care. We encourage you to share your insights and help to shape the future of evidence-based ophthalmic antimicrobial therapy. We are particularly interested in manuscripts from emerging economies that showcase their challenges and efforts in this area.

Prof. Dr. Mark Willcox
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • keratitis
  • conjunctivitis
  • antibiotics and combinations
  • antibiotic stewardship
  • antibiotic resistance
  • new therapies

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 238 KB  
Article
Acanthamoeba Keratitis: 34-Year Epidemiological Profile
by Saad H. AlEnezi, Shaimaa Mohammed Alrefaie, Adi Mohammed Al Owaifeer, Hani Basher AlBalawi, Naif Mamdouh Alali, Mohammad Alabduljabbar, Shaker O. Alreshidi, Moustafa S. Magliyah, Entesar A. Altalhi, Shaima Sulaiman Alharbi, Abdulaziz S. Alharthi, Yousef A. Alotaibi and Saad S. Alharbi
Antibiotics 2026, 15(5), 488; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15050488 - 12 May 2026
Viewed by 245
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a rare but sight-threatening corneal infection. This study reviews the clinical profile, diagnostic pathways, treatment strategies, and outcomes of AK cases managed over a 34-year period. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 52 [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a rare but sight-threatening corneal infection. This study reviews the clinical profile, diagnostic pathways, treatment strategies, and outcomes of AK cases managed over a 34-year period. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 52 microbiologically AK cases from 1983 to 2017. Results: The mean age at presentation was 27.7 ± 9.4 years, with a female predominance (63.5%). The majority (82.7%) were contact lens users, almost exclusively soft lens wearers, with documented risk behaviors such as poor hygiene and sleeping with lenses. 44.2% were initially misdiagnosed as nonspecific microbial keratitis. Common clinical findings included epithelial defects (30.8%), ring infiltrates (44.2%), superficial infiltrates (53.8%), hypopyon (30.8%), and corneal thinning (13.5%). Diagnosis was confirmed by culture/stain in 61.5% of cases, while others required confocal microscopy or corneal biopsy. Co-infections with bacteria were noted in ~20%. Prior to referral, 82.7% of patients had received empirical topical therapy. At KKESH, all received dual anti-Acanthamoeba therapy, and 69.2% underwent surgical intervention, including tectonic PKP (46.2%) and optical PKP (19.2%). Visual acuity improved from a mean logMAR of 1.51 at presentation to 0.87 at last follow-up. Anti-Acanthamoeba therapy was discontinued in 95.9% of patients by the end of follow-up, with steroid use tapering from 61.5% at 3 months to 16.3% at final visit. Conclusions: Acanthamoeba keratitis in Saudi Arabia predominantly affects young female contact lens users and often presents with diagnostic delays and misclassification as herpetic or bacterial keratitis. Despite aggressive medical and surgical therapy, visual outcomes remain suboptimal in many cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Treatment and Antibiotic Use in Ophthalmology)
10 pages, 217 KB  
Article
Cefiderocol Is Effective In Vitro Against Numerous Gram-Negative Species Isolated from Keratitis Patients
by Jonathan B. Mandell, Robert M. Q. Shanks and Eric G. Romanowski
Antibiotics 2026, 15(4), 348; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15040348 - 29 Mar 2026
Viewed by 460
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the potential of cefiderocol as a topical ophthalmic antibiotic by determining the susceptibility of keratitis isolates from an extensive panel of Gram-negative bacterial species to this siderophore-cephalosporin class antibiotic. Methods: Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of cefiderocol were determined by the [...] Read more.
Background: To evaluate the potential of cefiderocol as a topical ophthalmic antibiotic by determining the susceptibility of keratitis isolates from an extensive panel of Gram-negative bacterial species to this siderophore-cephalosporin class antibiotic. Methods: Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of cefiderocol were determined by the broth dilution method using iron-depleted, cation-adjusted Mueller–Hinton broth. The following Gram-negative bacteria were included: Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 13), Achromobacter xylosoxidans (n = 14), Escherichia coli (n = 15), Klebsiella aerogenes (n = 14), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 13), Klebsiella oxytoca (n = 14), Moraxella spp. (n = 15), Proteus mirabilis (n = 13), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 17), Serratia marcescens (n = 14) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 12). MIC90 values were calculated for each of the species. Results: MIC90 values (µg/mL): A. baumannii (0.5), A. xylosoxidans (0.25), E. coli (0.5), K. aerogenes (1.0), K. oxytoca (0.5), K. pneumoniae (0.5), Moraxella spp. (0.5), P. mirabilis (0.25), P. aeruginosa (0.5), S. marcescens (0.5), and S. maltophilia (0.25). In total, 100% of the isolates were determined to be susceptible to cefiderocol in vitro except for A. xylosoxidans and Moraxella spp., for which there are no established breakpoints for cefiderocol. Conclusions: Cefiderocol demonstrated in vitro activity against the tested panel of Gram-negative keratitis isolates. The results of this study suggest cefiderocol may be useful for the treatment of keratitis caused by numerous Gram-negative pathogens. Further development of cefiderocol for the topical treatment of Gram-negative keratitis is indicated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Treatment and Antibiotic Use in Ophthalmology)
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