Antibiotics Use for Respiratory Diseases

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotics Use and Antimicrobial Stewardship".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 1879

Special Issue Editors


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Department of Anatomy and Embryology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
Interests: COVID-19; clinical
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Pulmonology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes, Timisoara, Romania
Interests: respiratory system; cognition; cardiovascular health
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
Interests: obstetrics; maternal–fetal medicine; infectious disease; prediction
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The intersection of the use of antibiotics and respiratory diseases is a critical and complex aspect of modern healthcare. Respiratory diseases encompass a broad spectrum of illnesses, ranging from the common cold and flu to more severe conditions like pneumonia and bronchitis. While these ailments can be caused by various pathogens, including bacteria and viruses, the role of antibiotics in their treatment is a subject of careful consideration and ongoing research.

Antibiotics, powerful medications designed to combat bacterial infections, have revolutionized medical treatment and saved countless lives since their discovery; however, their effectiveness is limited to bacterial infections, and they are not effective against viruses, which are responsible for the majority of respiratory illnesses. These crucial challenges underscore the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate prescribing practices to ensure optimal patient outcomes while combating the growing threat of antibiotic resistance.

In this Special Issue, we will explore the relationship between antibiotics and respiratory diseases, examining the role of antibiotics in treating bacterial respiratory infections, the challenges of distinguishing between bacterial and viral illnesses, and the implications of antibiotic resistance for public health. By gaining a deeper understanding of these issues, we can better navigate the complexities of respiratory disease management and promote judicious antibiotic use to preserve their efficacy for future generations.

Dr. Mirela Loredana Grigoraş
Prof. Dr. Cristian Oancea
Dr. Cosmin Citu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antimicrobial resistance
  • respiratory diseases
  • diagnostics
  • co-infection
  • healthcare-associated infection

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

10 pages, 195 KiB  
Article
Safety and Effectiveness of BPaL-Based Regimens to Treat Multidrug-Resistant TB: First Experience of an Italian Tuberculosis Referral Hospital
by Gina Gualano, Maria Musso, Paola Mencarini, Silvia Mosti, Carlotta Cerva, Pietro Vittozzi, Antonio Mazzarelli, Angela Cannas, Assunta Navarra, Stefania Ianniello, Paolo Faccendini and Fabrizio Palmieri
Antibiotics 2025, 14(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14010007 - 25 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is preventable and curable, but multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) pose significant challenges worldwide due to the limited treatment options, lengths of therapies, and high rates of treatment failure. The management of MDR-TB has been revolutionized [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is preventable and curable, but multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) pose significant challenges worldwide due to the limited treatment options, lengths of therapies, and high rates of treatment failure. The management of MDR-TB has been revolutionized by all oral anti-TB drug regimens that are likely to improve adherence and treatment outcomes. These regimes include bedaquiline (B), pretomanid (P), and linezolid (L) (BPaL), and moxifloxacin if resistance to fluoroquinolones is not detected (BPaLM). Based on the evidence generated by the TB-PRACTECAL and ZeNix randomized controlled trials, BPaL/BPaLM regimens are recommended over the currently recommended longer regimens in patients with MDR-TB or monoresistance to rifampin (RR). To our knowledge, no data are currently available on the implementation of BPaL/BPaLM regimens in Italy. Results: Seventeen patients completed the BPaL/BPaLM regimen, with a treatment success rate of 90% (17/19), consistent with the literature data. Eleven patients out of the nineteen retained in care (58%) complained about symptoms consistent with adverse events (AEs). No treatment interruption was necessary due to AEs. Methods: Here, we report the real-world experience of a tertiary referral hospital for TB in Italy, from 2022 to 2024, in the management, outcomes, and adverse drug reactions of a cohort of twenty-two MDR/RR patients treated with BPaL and BPaLM regimens. Conclusions: BPaL-containing regimens also serve as promising options for patients with RR/MDR-TB in terms of real-life experience, but further multicentric studies are required in Europe to confirm the efficacy of shorter regimens to eliminate MDR TB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotics Use for Respiratory Diseases)
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