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Lipoprotein Metabolism and Adipose Biology in Poultry: Impact on Health...
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Lipoprotein Metabolism and Adipose Biology in Poultry: Impact on Health and Production

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Poultry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 6253

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Rosemary L. Walzem

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
Interests: nutritional biochemistry; broiler breeders; egg production; particle physical properties
Dr. Brynn H. Voy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Arts & Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
Interests: broilers; adipose and muscle development; dietary fatty acids

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aspects of avian lipoprotein biology are distinct from those of mammals in many ways, as a result of oviparous reproduction. Lipoproteins are biological nanoparticles that are widely recognized as transporters of lipophilic nutrients and energy-containing lipids. More recently appreciated properties of lipoproteins include the conveyance of bioactive and signaling lipids. The apoproteins in lipoproteins serve structural and ligand functions; some protein components possess enzymatic activities, bind inflammatory compounds, and act in aspects of innate immune function. Further distinctions arise from genetic selection for specific production targets in commercial poultry. Genetic differences among strains of chickens result in differences in growth, adiposity, and reproductive capacity. This Special Issue aims to highlight newer knowledge in avian lipoprotein biology and adipose development that has an impact on poultry health and production. Articles that use newer molecular techniques or that explain the mechanisms for phenotypic differences among strains of poultry in lipoprotein physical properties, metabolism, or adipose biology are particularly welcome.

Prof. Rosemary L. Walzem
Prof. Brynn H. Voy
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chickens
  • ducks
  • geese
  • adipose biology
  • lipoproteins
  • fatty liver
  • woody breast
  • yolk utilization
  • triglyceride and/or cholesterol metabolism

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2626 KiB  
Article
The Duck RXRA Gene Promotes Adipogenesis and Correlates with Feed Efficiency
by Ziyi Pan, Xuewen Li, Dongsheng Wu, Xingyong Chen, Cheng Zhang, Sihua Jin and Zhaoyu Geng
Animals 2023, 13(4), 680; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13040680 - 15 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1034
Abstract
Background: The accumulation of fat in ducks is the main cause of low feed efficiency and metabolic diseases in ducks. Retinoic acid X receptor alpha (RXRA) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily involved in lipid, glucose, energy, and hormone [...] Read more.
Background: The accumulation of fat in ducks is the main cause of low feed efficiency and metabolic diseases in ducks. Retinoic acid X receptor alpha (RXRA) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily involved in lipid, glucose, energy, and hormone metabolism. The effect of the RXRA gene on lipid metabolism in duck preadipocytes (DPACs) and the relationship between SNPs and the feed efficiency traits of ducks are unclear. Methods: qRT-PCR and Western blotting analyses were used to detect changes in mRNA and protein in cells. Intracellular triglycerides (TGs) were detected using an ELISA kit. A general linear model analysis was used to determine the association between RXRA SNPs and feed efficiency. Results: The duck RXRA gene was highly expressed on the fourth day of DPAC differentiation. The RXRA gene increased the content of fat and TG in DPACs and promoted the expression of cell differentiation genes; g.5,952,667 correlated with average daily feed intake (ADFI), residual feed intake (RFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Conclusions: Duck RXRA can accelerate fat accumulation, and the polymorphism of the RXRA gene is closely related to feed efficiency, which provides basic data for breeding high feed efficiency ducks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipoprotein Metabolism and Adipose Biology in Poultry: Impact on Health and Production)
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13 pages, 2931 KiB  
Article
Effects of Fatty-Type and Lean-Type on Growth Performance and Lipid Droplet Metabolism in Pekin Ducks
by Zhong Zhuang, Tingshuo Yang, Wenqian Jia, Meng Bai, Hao Bai, Zhixiu Wang, Guohong Chen, Yong Jiang and Guobin Chang
Animals 2022, 12(17), 2268; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12172268 - 01 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1412
Abstract
The reasons for differences in lipid depositions between fatty-type (F-T) and lean-type (L-T) ducks remain unknown. The present study aimed to compare the growth performance, lipid deposition, and gene expression related to lipid droplet formation in F-T and L-T Pekin ducks. One-day-old, 140 [...] Read more.
The reasons for differences in lipid depositions between fatty-type (F-T) and lean-type (L-T) ducks remain unknown. The present study aimed to compare the growth performance, lipid deposition, and gene expression related to lipid droplet formation in F-T and L-T Pekin ducks. One-day-old, 140 each L-T and F-T male ducks were selected and distributed separately into 20 replicate cages. All ducks were fed commercial diets up to 35 d of age. F-T ducks had a higher average daily gain from 21 to 28 d of age. On 35-day-old, F-T ducks had higher serum levels of high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol, albumin, and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity than L-T ducks. F-T ducks had higher abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat percentages than those in L-T ducks. Liver histological examination showed that L-T ducks contained more lipid droplets in the liver, which gradually decreased with increasing age. The average adipocyte area and diameter of abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat in the F-T and L-T ducks increased with age and were higher in F-T ducks than those in L-T ducks. Furthermore, the gene expression of perilipin 1, perilipin 2, angiopoietin-like protein 4, adipose triglyceride lipase, alpha/beta-hydrolase domain-containing protein 5 (ABHD5), and serine/threonine kinase 17a in the liver, abdominal fat, and subcutaneous fat of F-T ducks was higher than that in L-T ducks, and it increased with age. Compared to L-T ducks, F-T ducks had higher expression of ABHD5 in the abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat and lower expression in the liver. Thus, F-T ducks displayed lower hepatic lipid deposition and a higher percentage of abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat, suggesting that F-T ducks had higher lipid storage capacity due to increased gene expression related to lipid droplets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipoprotein Metabolism and Adipose Biology in Poultry: Impact on Health and Production)
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15 pages, 2908 KiB  
Article
T329S Mutation in the FMO3 Gene Alleviates Lipid Metabolic Diseases in Chickens in the Late Laying Period
by Jianlou Song, Mingyi Huang, Xuefeng Shi, Xianyu Li, Xia Chen, Zhaoxiang He, Junying Li, Guiyun Xu and Jiangxia Zheng
Animals 2022, 12(1), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12010048 - 27 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2878
Abstract
The T329S mutation in flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) impairs the trimethylamine (TMA) metabolism in laying hens. The TMA metabolic pathway is closely linked to lipid metabolic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and fatty liver disease. We aimed to evaluate the effects of [...] Read more.
The T329S mutation in flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) impairs the trimethylamine (TMA) metabolism in laying hens. The TMA metabolic pathway is closely linked to lipid metabolic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and fatty liver disease. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the T329S mutation in FMO3 on lipid metabolism in chickens during the late laying period. We selected 18 FMO3 genotyped individuals (consisting of six AA, six AT, and six TT hens) with similar body weight and production performance. The lipid metabolism and deposition characteristics of the laying hens with different genotypes were compared. The T329S mutation moderated the serum-lipid parameters in TT hens compared to those in AA and AT hens from 49 to 62 weeks. Furthermore, it reduced the serum trimethylamine N-oxide concentrations and increased the serum total bile acid (p < 0.05) and related lipid transporter levels in TT hens. Moreover, it significantly (p < 0.01) decreased atherosclerotic lesions and hepatic steatosis in TT hens compared to those in the AA and AT hens. Our findings may help improve the health status in laying hens during the late laying period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipoprotein Metabolism and Adipose Biology in Poultry: Impact on Health and Production)
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