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Bone Tumors in Animals: Pathogeneses, Biology, Development and Treatments

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Dear Colleagues,

The main aim of this Special Issue is to seek new aspects, both primary and comparative, on the pathogenetic mechanisms, the biological, genetic and biomolecular aspects, innovative diagnostic pathways, more specific and decisive therapeutic approaches, bone tumors in domestic animals and comparative approaches with other animal species, in the increasingly consolidated and decisive perspective of one health.

Dr. Leonardo Leonardi
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12 pages, 734 KB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Extracellular Vesicle-Associated miR-222-3p and miR-186-5p as Potential Hypoxic Markers in Canine Osteosarcoma: A Preliminary In Vitro Study

by Raffaella De Maria, Manuela Poncina, Sara Divari, Lorenza Parisi, Sonia Capellero, Luiza Cesar Conti, Eugenio Mazzone, Federica Fratini, Luca Aresu and Lorella Maniscalco

Animals 2026, 16(8), 1265; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16081265 - 20 Apr 2026

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Abstract

The hypoxic microenvironment plays a critical role in the progression of canine osteosarcoma (OSA) by promoting different cellular responses, including the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Given the clinical aggressiveness of canine OSA, the aim of this study was to evaluate the miRNAome profile in EVs released in vitro by four canine OSA cell lines under hypoxic conditions. In particular, for this study we used two commercial canine osteosarcoma cell lines (D17 and D22) and two primary osteosarcoma cell lines obtained in our laboratory (Penny and Wall). D17, D22, Penny, and Wall cell lines were cultured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions (200 µM CoCl₂) for 24 h. EVs were isolated by size-exclusion chromatography and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blotting. miRNAs extracted from EVs were then sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatics approaches. The most representative miRNAs were identified and validated by qPCR using the miRCURY LNA miRNA PCR assay. miRNome profiling identified 233 miRNAs differentially expressed in EVs across all analyzed cell lines. Among these, 94 miRNAs were detected exclusively under hypoxic conditions. From this subset, 43 miRNAs were selected for further validation by qPCR. The qPCR results showed that miR-222-3p and miR-186-5p were significantly downregulated in the Wall cell line under hypoxia (p ≤ 0.05). TargetScan and pathway enrichment analyses demonstrated that miR-186-5p regulates target genes involved in different cellular processes. In human osteosarcoma, low serum levels of miR-222-3p are associated with poor prognosis, while miR-186-5p is recognized as a key hypoxia-responsive miRNA. Collectively, these results suggest the potential of EV-associated miRNAs as biomarkers in canine OSA and support their relevance in translational and comparative oncology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bone Tumors in Animals: Pathogeneses, Biology, Development and Treatments)

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11 pages, 5927 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Osteoma in a Domestic Goose: Radiological and Histopathological Evaluation

by Michał Gesek, Adrianna Michniewicz and Ewa Łukaszuk

Animals 2025, 15(7), 942; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15070942 - 25 Mar 2025

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Abstract

The aim of this work was a detailed radiological and histopathological evaluation of a solid tumour that was diagnosed in a 2-year-old goose (Anser domesticus). The radiograph examination showed an osseous change involving the cervical vertebrae. The tumour measuring 15 cm × 10 cm × 9 cm was dense and had well-defined borders, suggesting the presence of calcified bone tissue. Histopathology revealed a well-defined benign neoplasm derived from bone that consisted largely of irregular, disorganized bone trabeculae surrounded by a layer of osteoblasts. The tumour has been classified as an osteoma, which originates from the body of the vertebrae. Osteoma is a benign, well-differentiated tumour with a structure that resembles bone tissue. It presents as a well-demarcated, hard, single tumour that can grow to a considerable size. The aetiology of osteomas in birds remains unclear because of the small number of cases described. Therefore, the influence of factors such as age, breed or sex, trauma, embryonic malformation, infection, developmental disorders, and genetic factors on the development of this type of tumour has not been established. Trauma seems to be the most obvious cause of growth in this case. This work provides valuable information about osteomas in birds, which is important for understanding such neoplasms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bone Tumors in Animals: Pathogeneses, Biology, Development and Treatments)

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