Advances in Camelid Welfare: Housing, Feeding, Health, and Behavioral Best Practices

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Welfare".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 1732

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
The Andalusian Institute for Agricultural, Fishing, Food and Ecological Production Research and Training (IFAPA), ‘Alameda del Obispo’ Centre, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
Interests: animal genetics; animal behavior; animal welfare; dromedary camels; camelids; rare breeds; wildlife species

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Camelids are increasingly recognized for their ecological adaptability, cultural importance, and diverse roles in production systems worldwide. Despite increasing interest in their biology and management, the scientific understanding of camelid welfare remains relatively underexplored compared to that of other livestock species.

This Special Issue, “Advances in Camelid Welfare: Housing, Feeding, Health, and Behavioral Best Practices”, seeks to advance the state of knowledge on welfare-related aspects of camelid husbandry. We encourage the submission of original studies and comprehensive reviews addressing key dimensions of welfare, structured around four fundamental principles: good feeding, good housing, good health, and appropriate behavior.

In addition to applied research on nutrition, housing design, health management, and behavioral monitoring, we strongly welcome contributions that leverage molecular and omics-based approaches. Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiome analyses offer unprecedented opportunities to unravel adaptive traits, stress responses, and physiological indicators of welfare in camelids.

Through this multidisciplinary collection, we aim to foster scientific innovation, inform evidence-based management practices, and promote the long-term well-being of camelids across traditional and modern production contexts.

We look forward to hearing from you.

Dr. Carlos Iglesias Pastrana
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • camelid welfare
  • animal behavior
  • health management
  • feeding strategies
  • housing systems
  • stress physiology
  • genomics
  • transcriptomics
  • proteomics
  • microbiome

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

32 pages, 1534 KB  
Review
Nutritional Disorders and Metabolic Adaptations in Dromedary Camels: Insights into Foregut Fermentation and Mineral Balance
by Muhammad Mahboob Ali Hamid, Mohamed Tharwat, Tarek A. Ebeid and Fahad A. Alshanbari
Animals 2026, 16(4), 689; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16040689 - 23 Feb 2026
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 933
Abstract
Dromedary camels possess unique anatomical, physiological, and metabolic adaptations that enable survival in arid environments; however, these same adaptations make them highly sensitive to nutritional imbalance under modern feeding conditions. This review synthesizes current knowledge on nutritional pathologies and metabolic disorders in camels, [...] Read more.
Dromedary camels possess unique anatomical, physiological, and metabolic adaptations that enable survival in arid environments; however, these same adaptations make them highly sensitive to nutritional imbalance under modern feeding conditions. This review synthesizes current knowledge on nutritional pathologies and metabolic disorders in camels, emphasizing the links between diet composition, foregut fermentation, mineral status, and systemic health. Imbalances in energy and carbohydrates predispose camels to subacute and acute acidosis, negative energy balance, and ketosis-like syndromes, particularly when rapidly fermentable feeds are introduced without adequate fiber or water. Protein and nitrogen disorders, including ammonia toxicity and impaired urea recycling, arise from mismatches between degradable protein, fermentable energy, hydration, and mineral availability. Widespread deficiencies of phosphorus, copper, cobalt, zinc, selenium, and vitamins A and E remain major constraints, leading to pica, poor microbial fermentation, oxidative stress, immunosuppression, reproductive failure, and skeletal disorders. Nutritional disturbances frequently extend beyond the gastrointestinal tract, forming a gut–liver–kidney metabolic axis characterized by hepatic dysfunction, renal compromise, and systemic oxidative stress. The review also addresses gastrointestinal impaction, foreign-body ingestion, toxic plant consumption, and feeding on human food waste as emerging nutritional challenges, particularly in peri-urban systems. Advances in diagnostic ultrasonography, feed evaluation techniques, probiotics, mineral–vitamin supplementation, and omics-based approaches are discussed as tools for improving early diagnosis and precision nutrition. Despite growing research interest, the lack of camel-specific feeding standards and reliance on cattle-based recommendations remain critical gaps. This review highlights the need for species-specific nutrient requirement models, sustainable rangeland management, and integrative research to support the health, resilience, and productivity of camels under changing environmental and production systems. Full article
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