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Immune Mechanisms of Aquatic Animals: Genomic and Transcriptomic Perspectives

A Special Issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615) belonging to the section "Aquatic Animals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 868

Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, No. 55 West Zhongshan Avenue, Guangzhou 510631, China
Interests: fish immunology; humoral immunity; B cell signaling; antimicrobial activities

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Guest Editor
School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
Interests: aquatic animal diseases and immunization; autophagy; miRNA; bacterial immune evasion

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rapid expansion of aquaculture has intensified the need to understand host immune defense mechanisms against emerging pathogens. Recent advances in high-throughput omics are transforming the field from descriptive observations to systems-level insights. This Special Issue will focus specifically on how genomic and transcriptomic approaches—individually or in combination—can elucidate the molecular architecture of immune responses in aquatic species. Genomics provides the blueprint for disease resistance through genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and quantitative trait locus mapping, while transcriptomics captures dynamic gene expression programs during pathogen challenges. We encourage the submission of studies that bridge these levels of analysis, such as integrating GWASs with RNA-seq to anchor genetic signals to functional immune pathways or combining bulk transcriptomics with single-cell resolution to resolve cellular heterogeneity.

By focusing on genomic and transcriptomic perspectives, this Special Issue aims to showcase recent mechanistic discoveries that inform selective breeding, vaccine development, and immunostimulatory strategies. We seek contributions that move beyond descriptive gene lists toward functional validation, pathway-level interpretation, and translational applications for aquaculture health management.

Dr. Liting Wu
Dr. Qingjian Liang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • aquaculture immunology
  • disease resistance
  • host–pathogen interaction
  • immunometabolism
  • genomics
  • transcriptomics
  • GWAS
  • RNA-seq
  • regulatory non-coding RNAs
  • single-cell sequencing

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 2795 KB  
Article
Carbonic Anhydrase 2 and Na+/K+-ATPase Mediate Family-Dependent Nitrite Tolerance via Modulating Branchial Ion Transport and Acid–Base Balance in Penaeus vannamei
by Liping Zhou, Zhentao Ma, Xiuli Chen, Qingyun Liu, Yuliu Huang, Chunling Yang, Digang Zeng, Zhihong Zheng, Bin Zhang, Yueling Zhang, Yongzhen Zhao and Xianliang Zhao
Animals 2026, 16(11), 1638; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16111638 - 27 May 2026
Viewed by 541
Abstract
Nitrite is a key environmental challenge in intensive shrimp aquaculture, adversely affecting physiological regulation and survival. Although tolerant Penaeus vannamei families have been established by selective breeding, the basis of family-level variation in tolerance has yet to be clarified. In this study, nitrite-tolerant [...] Read more.
Nitrite is a key environmental challenge in intensive shrimp aquaculture, adversely affecting physiological regulation and survival. Although tolerant Penaeus vannamei families have been established by selective breeding, the basis of family-level variation in tolerance has yet to be clarified. In this study, nitrite-tolerant and nitrite-sensitive families were compared using survival analysis, transcriptomics, targeted qPCR validation, physiological assays, and RNA interference of representative transport-related genes. Under nitrite exposure, the tolerant family exhibited significantly higher survival and a distinct gill transcriptional response, characterized by stronger induction of acid–base and ion-transport genes, including carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2), the Na+/K+-ATPase subunits ATP1A and ATP1B, as well as several V-type H+-ATPase-related genes. These transcriptional changes were accompanied by elevated ATP content and Na+/K+-ATPase activity, improved hemolymph pH stability, and reduced nitrite accumulation in both gill and hemolymph. RNAi-mediated knockdown of CA2 or ATP1B attenuated the nitrite-induced transport response, decreased ATP content and NKA activity, exacerbated hemolymph acidification, promoted internal nitrite accumulation, and ultimately reduced shrimp survival under nitrite stress. Family-based validation further showed that the tolerant family displayed higher survival than the sensitive family in the dsEGFP group, whereas this advantage was markedly reduced after CA2 or ATP1B knockdown under nitrite stress. These findings highlight that strengthened branchial ion transport and acid–base regulation represent key physiological mechanisms underlying nitrite tolerance in resistant shrimp families. Full article
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