Progress in Satellite Formation Flying Technologies

A special issue of Aerospace (ISSN 2226-4310). This special issue belongs to the section "Astronautics & Space Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 809

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Scuola di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Salaria 851, 00138 Roma, Italy
Interests: satellite formation flying; relative guidance; navigation and control; attitude control; space robotics; elastic-attitude dynamics interaction; vibration control; visual navigation; HIL experiments; free floating platforms
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Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
Interests: spacecraft guidance; navigation and control; spacecraft relative navigation; pose determination; electro-optical sensors; LIDAR; star tracker; unmanned aerial vehicles; autonomous navigation; sense and avoid; visual detection and tracking
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

After decades of research and conceptual development, formation flying is finally transitioning from a visionary concept to a concrete capability. Technological advances are now enabling the design and implementation of missions based on coordinated spacecraft formations and distributed satellite systems. These missions promise transformative benefits in fields such as Earth observation, astronomy, telecommunications, and space science. Moreover, distributed systems are expected to play a critical role in future mission concepts, including in-orbit servicing, on-orbit assembly, and deep space exploration. Despite this progress, significant technological challenges remain, particularly in the development of robust guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) subsystems. These systems must ensure high levels of autonomy, resilience, and precision to allow multiple spacecraft to operate cooperatively with minimal ground intervention. Achieving such autonomy demands advanced algorithms, reliable sensors, and sophisticated control strategies. Moreover, the performance of GNC subsystems must be validated extensively before deployment. This can be accomplished through dedicated in-orbit demonstrations or through rigorous ground-based testing in laboratory environments that simulate space dynamics. This Special Issue aims to collect recent advancements, numerical and/or experimental results, and novel approaches in the field of formation flying, with a particular focus on enabling technologies and validation methodologies that will drive the next generation of autonomous space missions.

Dr. Marco Sabatini
Dr. Roberto Opromolla
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • formation flying
  • distributed satellite systems
  • proximity operations
  • autonomous GNC
  • relative dynamics modeling
  • formation design
  • formation control
  • relative navigation
  • visual, LIDAR, RF, and GNSS navigation
  • in-orbit operations
  • mission design
  • technology demonstrators
  • low-thrust actuators
  • HIL experiments
  • artificial intelligence

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

26 pages, 11920 KB  
Article
Autonomous Control of Satellite Swarms Using Minimal Vision-Based Behavioral Control
by Marco Sabatini
Aerospace 2026, 13(3), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13030207 - 24 Feb 2026
Viewed by 482
Abstract
In recent years, the trend toward spacecraft miniaturization has led to the widespread adoption of micro- and nanosatellites, driven by their reduced development costs and simplified launch logistics. Operating these platforms in coordinated fleets, or swarms, represents a promising approach to overcoming the [...] Read more.
In recent years, the trend toward spacecraft miniaturization has led to the widespread adoption of micro- and nanosatellites, driven by their reduced development costs and simplified launch logistics. Operating these platforms in coordinated fleets, or swarms, represents a promising approach to overcoming the inherent limitations of individual spacecraft by distributing sensing and processing capabilities across multiple units. For systems of this scale, decentralized guidance and control architectures based on so-called behavioral strategies offer an attractive solution. These approaches are inspired by biological swarms, which exhibit remarkable robustness and adaptability through simple local interactions, minimal information exchange, and the absence of centralized supervision, but their application to space scenarios is limited, if not negligible. This work investigates the feasibility of autonomous swarm maintenance subject to orbital forces, under the stringent actuation, sensing, and computational constraints typical of nanosatellite platforms. Each spacecraft is assumed to carry a single monocular camera aligned with the along-track direction. The proposed behavioral control framework enables decentralized formation keeping without ground intervention or centralized coordination. Since control actions rely on the relative motion of neighboring satellites, a lightweight relative navigation capability is required. The results indicate that complex vision pipelines can be replaced by simple blob-based image processing, although a (rough) reconstruction of elative parameters remains essential to avoid unnecessary control effort arising from suboptimal guidance decisions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Satellite Formation Flying Technologies)
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