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Complications, Volume 2, Issue 3 (September 2025) – 4 articles

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13 pages, 239 KiB  
Article
Haglund’s Deformity with Preoperative Achilles Tendon Rupture: A Retrospective Comparative Study
by Kevin A. Wu, Alexandra N. Krez, Katherine M. Kutzer, Albert T. Anastasio, Zoe W. Hinton, Kali J. Morrissette, Andrew E. Hanselman, Karl M. Schweitzer, Samuel B. Adams, Mark E. Easley, James A. Nunley and Annunziato Amendola
Complications 2025, 2(3), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/complications2030019 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025
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Abstract
Introduction: Haglund’s deformity, characterized by bony enlargement at the back of the heel, often coincides with Achilles tendon pathology due to impingement on the retrocalcaneal bursa and tendon insertion. Surgical management of Haglund’s deformity with a preexisting Achilles tendon rupture is complex, and [...] Read more.
Introduction: Haglund’s deformity, characterized by bony enlargement at the back of the heel, often coincides with Achilles tendon pathology due to impingement on the retrocalcaneal bursa and tendon insertion. Surgical management of Haglund’s deformity with a preexisting Achilles tendon rupture is complex, and understanding the outcomes of this subset of patients is essential for optimizing treatment strategies. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed patients undergoing open surgical management for Haglund’s syndrome between January 2015 and December 2023. Patients with chronic degenerative changes secondary to Haglund’s deformity and a preoperative Achilles tendon rupture were compared to those without. Data on demographics, surgical techniques, weightbearing protocols, and complications were collected. Univariate analysis was performed using χ2 or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables, and the T-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous and ordinal variables, with normality assessed via the Shapiro–Wilk test. Results: Four hundred and three patients were included, with 13 having a preoperative Achilles tendon rupture. There was a higher incidence of preoperative ruptures among males. Surgical repair techniques and postoperative weightbearing protocols varied, though were not randomized. Complications included persistent pain, wound breakdown, infection, plantar flexion weakness, and revision surgery. While patients with Haglund’s deformity and a preoperative Achilles tendon rupture demonstrated a trend toward higher complication rates, including postoperative rupture and wound breakdown, these differences were not statistically significant in our analysis. Conclusions: A cautious approach is warranted in managing these patients, with careful consideration of surgical planning and postoperative rehabilitation. While our findings provide valuable insights into managing patients with Haglund’s deformity and preoperative Achilles tendon rupture, the retrospective design, limited sample size of the rupture group, and short duration of follow-up restrict generalizability and the strength of the conclusions by limiting the power of the analysis and underestimating the incidence of long-term complications. Therefore, the results of this study should be interpreted with caution. Further studies with larger patient cohorts, validated functional outcome measures, and comparable follow-up durations between groups are needed to confirm these results and optimize treatment approaches. Full article
5 pages, 405 KiB  
Review
Major Vascular Injuries in Laparoscopic Urological Surgeries
by Roberto Villalba Bachur and Gustavo Villoldo
Complications 2025, 2(3), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/complications2030018 - 31 Jul 2025
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Abstract
Laparoscopic urological surgery has become a cornerstone in the management of diverse urological pathologies, offering substantial advantages over traditional open approaches. These benefits include minimized incisions, reduced tissue trauma, decreased intraoperative blood loss, lower postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, superior cosmesis, and accelerated [...] Read more.
Laparoscopic urological surgery has become a cornerstone in the management of diverse urological pathologies, offering substantial advantages over traditional open approaches. These benefits include minimized incisions, reduced tissue trauma, decreased intraoperative blood loss, lower postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, superior cosmesis, and accelerated recovery. Despite these advantages, laparoscopic surgery carries inherent risks, with major vascular injury (MVI) representing one of the most severe and potentially life-threatening complications. This review examines the incidence, etiologies, and management strategies for MVI in laparoscopic urological surgery, emphasizing the critical role of early recognition, standardized protocols, and surgical expertise in optimizing patient outcomes. Full article
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11 pages, 2444 KiB  
Review
Prevention, Diagnostic Challenges, and Management of Endodontic Perforations: A Narrative Review
by Taylor M. DeVine, Nora L. Paisner and Adeyinka F. Dayo
Complications 2025, 2(3), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/complications2030017 - 10 Jul 2025
Viewed by 345
Abstract
Endodontic perforations are serious complications encountered in the dental setting. Early detection, diagnosis, and proper management of perforations are crucial for a favorable prognosis. However, there are a limited number of studies that provide an overview of perforations, emphasizing these three strategies: prevention, [...] Read more.
Endodontic perforations are serious complications encountered in the dental setting. Early detection, diagnosis, and proper management of perforations are crucial for a favorable prognosis. However, there are a limited number of studies that provide an overview of perforations, emphasizing these three strategies: prevention, diagnostic challenges, and management. The objective of this narrative review is to highlight the multifaceted components of endodontic perforations while also identifying the most effective methods used in their detection, diagnosis, and management. An electronic literature search was conducted using various databases and applying keywords for articles published in English. Eligible papers were reviewed further to gather relevant information. The results of the literature search found that, although perforations are relatively uncommon occurrences in the clinical setting, they still need to be understood for the prevention and treatment of these iatrogenic complications. The combination of case complexity and limited operator experience often determines the likelihood of endodontic perforation occurrence. Accurate diagnosis and identification of perforations rely heavily on the combination of clinical examination and advanced imaging technologies. In recent times, new technologies have emerged and hope to contribute to a decreased occurrence of endodontic perforations and increased prognosis in cases that do arise. Full article
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11 pages, 458 KiB  
Article
The Predictive Value of Preoperative C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio (CAR), Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) for Early Postoperative Complications Following PEG
by Suat Evirgen and Sirin Cetin
Complications 2025, 2(3), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/complications2030016 - 7 Jul 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of preoperative inflammatory biomarkers—C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR)—in predicting early postoperative complications (within 30 days) in patients undergoing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). Methods: Data from 184 patients who [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of preoperative inflammatory biomarkers—C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR)—in predicting early postoperative complications (within 30 days) in patients undergoing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). Methods: Data from 184 patients who underwent PEG placement at our institution between January 2021 and May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic characteristics, PEG indications, and preoperative laboratory parameters (CRP, albumin, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets) were recorded. CAR was calculated as the ratio of CRP (mg/L) to albumin (g/dL). Complications occurring within 30 days post-procedure were defined as early postoperative complications. Patients with and without complications were compared, and logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential risk factors. Results: The mean age of the patients was 71.5 ± 5.9 years, and 58.7% were male. PEG indications included neurological dysphagia (54.3%), head and neck malignancies (21.7%), and other causes (23.9%). At least one early complication occurred in 26 patients (14.1%). There were no significant differences in age, sex, body mass index, or Charlson Comorbidity Index between patients with and without complications (p > 0.05). Logistic regression revealed that elevated CAR was an independent predictor of postoperative complications (OR = 2.88; 95% CI: 1.62–5.13; p < 0.001). Although NLR (OR = 1.34) and PLR (OR = 1.02) were also associated with increased risk, they were less predictive than CAR in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Preoperative CAR, NLR, and PLR levels are valuable biomarkers for predicting early complications following PEG. Notably, higher CAR levels are significantly associated with increased complication risk. Incorporating these indicators into clinical decision-making could facilitate early identification of high-risk patients and implementation of preventive strategies. Full article
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