Toxic Effects of Bisphenol A on L. variegatus and A. punctulata Sea Urchin Embryos
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sea Urchin Fertilization Procedure
2.2. Exposure of Embryos to Bisphenol A Solutions
2.3. Light Microscopy Procedure and Data Collection
2.4. Scanning Electron Microscopy Procedure and Data Collection
3. Results
3.1. Light Microscope Analysis
3.2. SEM Analysis
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kunsman, J.D.; Schlesinger, M.C.; McCain, E.R. Toxic Effects of Bisphenol A on L. variegatus and A. punctulata Sea Urchin Embryos. Hydrobiology 2025, 4, 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrobiology4010005
Kunsman JD, Schlesinger MC, McCain ER. Toxic Effects of Bisphenol A on L. variegatus and A. punctulata Sea Urchin Embryos. Hydrobiology. 2025; 4(1):5. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrobiology4010005
Chicago/Turabian StyleKunsman, Jacob D., Maya C. Schlesinger, and Elizabeth R. McCain. 2025. "Toxic Effects of Bisphenol A on L. variegatus and A. punctulata Sea Urchin Embryos" Hydrobiology 4, no. 1: 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrobiology4010005
APA StyleKunsman, J. D., Schlesinger, M. C., & McCain, E. R. (2025). Toxic Effects of Bisphenol A on L. variegatus and A. punctulata Sea Urchin Embryos. Hydrobiology, 4(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrobiology4010005