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Coasts, Volume 5, Issue 3 (September 2025) – 2 articles

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22 pages, 5724 KiB  
Article
Temporal and Spatial Variability of Hydrogeomorphological Attributes in Coastal Wetlands—Lagoa do Peixe National Park, Brazil
by Carina Cristiane Korb, Laurindo Antonio Guasselli, Heinrich Hasenack, Tássia Fraga Belloli and Christhian Santana Cunha
Coasts 2025, 5(3), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/coasts5030023 - 9 Jul 2025
Viewed by 141
Abstract
Coastal wetlands play important environmental roles. However, their hydrogeomorphological dynamics remain poorly understood under scenarios of extreme climate events. The aim of this study was to characterize the temporal and spatial variability of hydrogeomorphological attributes (vegetation, water, and soil) in the wetlands of [...] Read more.
Coastal wetlands play important environmental roles. However, their hydrogeomorphological dynamics remain poorly understood under scenarios of extreme climate events. The aim of this study was to characterize the temporal and spatial variability of hydrogeomorphological attributes (vegetation, water, and soil) in the wetlands of Lagoa do Peixe National Park, Brazil. The methodology involved applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in both temporal (T) and spatial (S) modes, decomposing spectral indices for each attribute to identify variability patterns. The results revealed that vegetation and water are strongly correlated with seasonal dynamics influenced by ENSO (El Niño/La Niña) events. Soils reflected their textural characteristics, with a distinct temporal response to the water balance. PCA proved to be a useful tool for synthesizing large volumes of multitemporal data and detecting dominant variability patterns. It highlighted the Lagoon Terraces and the Lagoon Fringe, where low slopes amplified hydrological variations. Temporal variability was more responsive to climate extremes, with implications for ecosystem conservation, while spatial variability was modulated by geomorphology. Full article
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15 pages, 1972 KiB  
Article
Intraspecific Trait Variation in Body Sizes Is Associated with Diet and Habitat Use: Evidence from Atherinella brasiliensis in a Tropical Estuary
by Emanuelle Bezerra Maciel, Maria Luísa de Araújo Albuquerque and André Luiz Machado Pessanha
Coasts 2025, 5(3), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/coasts5030022 - 3 Jul 2025
Viewed by 173
Abstract
Intraspecific variations in the morphological traits of juveniles and adults of the Brazilian silverside, Atherinella brasiliensis, from three estuarine habitats were studied to understanding whether their morphology interacts with their dietary composition and habitat structure. For each individual, fourteen morphological measurements and eight [...] Read more.
Intraspecific variations in the morphological traits of juveniles and adults of the Brazilian silverside, Atherinella brasiliensis, from three estuarine habitats were studied to understanding whether their morphology interacts with their dietary composition and habitat structure. For each individual, fourteen morphological measurements and eight functional traits were recorded related to food acquisition and locomotion. The highest abundance of A. brasiliensis was recorded in mudflats, which were often associated with a greater number of juveniles. Overall, 392 A. brasiliensis stomachs were examined, and their diet comprised mainly zooplankton organisms, followed by insects and benthic crustaceans. Among the morphological measures, our data revealed that in vegetated habitats (seagrass and riparian vegetation), individuals showed a higher oral gape surface and caudal peduncle and fed predominately on epibiotic or benthic fauna, while for individuals that had bigger eyes in unvegetated habitats (mudflat), this facilitated the ingestion of zooplankton and diatoms. Furthermore, a greater relative body height recorded in unvegetated habitats enhanced swimming performance and was linked to the effects of the lowest habitat structure. The results highlight the significant effects of morphological variation on juvenile and adult food acquisition and swimming ability. Full article
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