Predicting Depression among Jordanian Adults with Disabilities According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Screening
2.2. Study Subjects
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Questionnaires
3. Data Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Demographic Characteristics
4.2. Depression
4.3. Risk Factors of Depression
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | n | (%) |
---|---|---|
AGE (Years) | ||
18–30 | 12 | 37.50% |
31–43 | 12 | 37.50% |
44–56 | 6 | 18.75% |
57–69 | 2 | 6.25% |
70–85 | 0 | 0.00% |
Gender | ||
Male | 18 | 56.25% |
Female | 14 | 43.75% |
Marital Status | ||
Single (never married) | 21 | 65.63% |
Married | 9 | 28.13% |
Widowed | 1 | 3.13% |
Divorced | 1 | 3.13% |
Separated | 0 | 0.00% |
Education Level | ||
Less than high school | 17 | 53.13% |
High school | 7 | 21.88% |
Diploma | 3 | 9.38% |
Bachelors | 4 | 12.50% |
Graduate | 1 | 3.13% |
Employment | ||
Unemployed | 17 | 53.13% |
Part time | 4 | 12.50% |
Full time | 11 | 34.38% |
Monthly Personal Income | ||
No income | 8 | 25.00% |
<JD 100 | 6 | 18.75% |
JD 100–200 | 4 | 12.50% |
JD 200–250 | 8 | 25.00% |
>JD 250 | 6 | 18.75% |
Household Monthly Income | ||
No income | 0 | 0.00% |
<JD 100 | 0 | 0.00% |
JD 100–200 | 7 | 21.88% |
JD 200–250 | 13 | 40.63% |
>JD 250 | 12 | 37.50% |
Number of People in Household | ||
1–2 people | 4 | 12.50% |
3–4 people | 8 | 25.00% |
5 people | 6 | 18.75% |
>5 people | 14 | 43.75% |
Classifications of Self-Reported Disabilities | N | % |
---|---|---|
Neurological Disorders | 17 | 53.13% |
Musculoskeletal Disorders | 9 | 28.13% |
Amputation(s) | 3 | 9.34% |
Congenital Disability (unspecified) | 3 | 9.34% |
Variable | N | % |
---|---|---|
Minimal Depression (1–4) | 11 | 34.4% |
Mild Depression (5–9) | 10 | 31.3% |
Moderate Depression (10–14) | 8 | 25.0% |
Moderately Severe Depression (15–19) | 2 | 6.2% |
Severe Depression (20–27) | 1 | 3.1% |
Risk Factor | Depression | Chi-Square | p-Value * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | ||||
AM-PAC Daily Activity | <50% impaired | 10/27 (37%) | 3/5 (60%) | 0.922 | 0.337 |
≥50% impaired | 17/27 (63%) | 2/5 (40%) | |||
AM-PAC Basic Mobility | <50% impaired | 8/20 (40%) | 12/20 (60%) | 0.009 | 0.926 |
≥50% impaired | 5/12 (41.7%) | 7/12 (58.3% | |||
Age | <44 | 11/24 (45.8%) | 13/24 (54.2%) | 1.080 | 0.299 |
≥44 | 2/8 (25%) | 6/8 (75% | |||
Gender | Male | 6/18 (33.3%) | 12/18 (66.7%) | 0.90 | 0.341 |
Female | 7/14 (50%) | 7/14 (50%) | |||
Education Status | High school degree and less | 10/24 (41.7%) | 14/24 (58.3%) | 0.043 | 0.835 |
Degree after high school | 3/8 (37.5%) | 5/8 (62.5%) | |||
Employment Status | Unemployed | 9/17 (52.9%) | 8/17 (47.1%) | 2.281 | 0.131 |
Employed | 4/15 (26.7%) | 11/15 (73.3%) | |||
Marital Status | Married | 1/9 (11.1%) | 8/9 (88.9%) | 4.522 | 0.033 |
Not married | 12/23 (52.2%) | 11/23 (47.8%) | |||
Personal Monthly Income | Less than JD 6 | 7/14 (50%) | 7/14 (50%) | 0.907 | 0.341 |
More than JD 68 | 6/18 (33.3%) | 12/18 (66.7%) | |||
Household Monthly Income | Less than JD 250 | 10/20 (50%) | 10/20 (50%) | 1.943 | 0.163 |
More than JD 250 | 3/12 (25%) | 9/12 (75%) | |||
Number of People in Household | <Five people | 9/18 (50%) | 9/18 (50%) | 1.499 | 0.221 |
≥Five people | 4/14 (28.6%) | 10/14 (71/4%) |
AM-PAC DA | AM-PAC BM | Age | Gender | Education Status | Employment Status | Marital Status | Personal Income | House-hold Income | N in House-hold | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PHQ-9 Depression | r | 0.068 | −0.016 | 0.314 | −0.168 | −0.105 | 0.267 | −0.376 * | −0.196 | −0.315 | −0.324 |
p-Value | 0.677 | 0.922 | 0.99 | 0.349 | 0.530 | 0.137 | 0.036 | 0.223 | 0.064 | 0.051 | |
Depression Categories | r | 0.091 | 0.033 | 0.113 | −0.195 | −0.255 | 0.116 | −0.154 | −0.110 | −0.258 | −0.342 * |
p-Value | 0.540 | 0.822 | 0.461 | 0.236 | 0.095 | 0.480 | 0.349 | 0.456 | 0.098 | 0.025 |
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Griffin, M.; Mitchell-Gillespie, B.; Hashim, H.; AlHeresh, R. Predicting Depression among Jordanian Adults with Disabilities According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: A Pilot Study. Disabilities 2021, 1, 450-458. https://doi.org/10.3390/disabilities1040031
Griffin M, Mitchell-Gillespie B, Hashim H, AlHeresh R. Predicting Depression among Jordanian Adults with Disabilities According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: A Pilot Study. Disabilities. 2021; 1(4):450-458. https://doi.org/10.3390/disabilities1040031
Chicago/Turabian StyleGriffin, Megan, Bria Mitchell-Gillespie, Hiba Hashim, and Rawan AlHeresh. 2021. "Predicting Depression among Jordanian Adults with Disabilities According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: A Pilot Study" Disabilities 1, no. 4: 450-458. https://doi.org/10.3390/disabilities1040031