Rheology and Phase Behavior of Surfactant–Oil–Water Systems and Their Relationship with O/W Nano-Emulsion’s Characteristics Obtained by Dilution
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Phase Diagram
2.2.2. Emulsion Formation
2.2.3. Electrical Conductivity
2.2.4. Droplet Size and Stability
2.2.5. Rheology of Initial Dispersions
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Phase Diagram
3.2. Electrical Conductivity
3.3. Droplet Size
3.4. Type of Liquid Crystal
3.5. Rheological Behavior
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Water Amount in the Initial System (wt.%) S/O = 25/75 | ||
---|---|---|
20% | 40% | |
Phases at equilibrium | O + Liquid Crystal (LC) | O + LC + O/W microemulsion (Wm) |
Water amount in the initial system (wt.%) S/O = 55/45 | ||
20% | 40% | |
Phases at equilibrium | W/O microemulsion (Om) + LC | O + LC + Wm |
Water amount in the initial system (wt.%) S/O = 70/30 | ||
20% | 40% | |
Phases at equilibrium | Om + LC | O + LC + Wm |
S/O | %wt. Water | D(0.5) µm |
---|---|---|
25/75 | 20 | 0.185 |
25/75 | 40 | 0.151 |
55/45 | 20 | 0.118 |
55/45 | 40 | 0.111 |
70/30 | 20 | 0.173 |
70/30 | 40 | 0.170 |
S/O | Water (%wt) | G’ (Pa) | G’’ (Pa) | |G*| (Pa) | |η*| (Pa.s) | D (0.5) (μm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
25/75 (only Lc) | 20 | 4.772 | 2.561 | 5.416 | 0.862 | 0.117 |
25/75 (only Lc) | 40 | 0.053 | 0.052 | 0.074 | 0.012 | 0.121 |
25/75 (All) | 20 | 0.436 | 1.005 | 1.095 | 0.174 | 0.185 |
25/75 (All) | 40 | 0.487 | 1.428 | 1.509 | 0.240 | 0.151 |
55/45 | 20 | 0.002 | 2.109 | 2.109 | 0.334 | 0.118 |
55/45 | 40 | 60.81 | 11.09 | 61.81 | 9.796 | 0.111 |
70/30 | 20 | 0.024 | 3.258 | 3.258 | 0.516 | 0.173 |
70/30 | 40 | 17.86 | 13.34 | 22.29 | 3.533 | 0.173 |
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Guevara, M.; Mercado, R.; Vega, K.; Cardenas, A.; Forgiarini, A. Rheology and Phase Behavior of Surfactant–Oil–Water Systems and Their Relationship with O/W Nano-Emulsion’s Characteristics Obtained by Dilution. Nanomanufacturing 2023, 3, 20-35. https://doi.org/10.3390/nanomanufacturing3010002
Guevara M, Mercado R, Vega K, Cardenas A, Forgiarini A. Rheology and Phase Behavior of Surfactant–Oil–Water Systems and Their Relationship with O/W Nano-Emulsion’s Characteristics Obtained by Dilution. Nanomanufacturing. 2023; 3(1):20-35. https://doi.org/10.3390/nanomanufacturing3010002
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuevara, Mairis, Ronald Mercado, Katty Vega, Antonio Cardenas, and Ana Forgiarini. 2023. "Rheology and Phase Behavior of Surfactant–Oil–Water Systems and Their Relationship with O/W Nano-Emulsion’s Characteristics Obtained by Dilution" Nanomanufacturing 3, no. 1: 20-35. https://doi.org/10.3390/nanomanufacturing3010002