Cell Immortalization: In Vivo Molecular Bases and In Vitro Techniques for Obtention
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Telomeres
1.2. Mechanism Involved in Lengthening of Telomeres
Telomerase
2. Alternative Telomere Lengthening (ALT)
2.1. Phenotypic Markers of ALT Cells
2.2. Activation of the ALT Pathway
3. Coexistence of Telomerase and the ALT Pathway
3.1. In Vitro Cell Immortalization
3.2. Techniques for In Vitro Cell Immortalization
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mechanisms Enrolled | |
---|---|
ALT pathways | SLX4/RAD52 |
BML-POLD3/4 |
Strategy | Method |
---|---|
Expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase | TERT |
Induction of viral oncogenes that inactivate cell cycle proteins (p14, p16, p21, p53, Rb) | -SV40 T antigen -Small dsDNA virus HPV -myc’s oncogenes |
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de Bardet, J.C.; Cardentey, C.R.; González, B.L.; Patrone, D.; Mulet, I.L.; Siniscalco, D.; Robinson-Agramonte, M.d.l.A. Cell Immortalization: In Vivo Molecular Bases and In Vitro Techniques for Obtention. BioTech 2023, 12, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech12010014
de Bardet JC, Cardentey CR, González BL, Patrone D, Mulet IL, Siniscalco D, Robinson-Agramonte MdlA. Cell Immortalization: In Vivo Molecular Bases and In Vitro Techniques for Obtention. BioTech. 2023; 12(1):14. https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech12010014
Chicago/Turabian Stylede Bardet, Javier Curi, Celeste Ramírez Cardentey, Belkis López González, Deanira Patrone, Idania Lores Mulet, Dario Siniscalco, and María de los Angeles Robinson-Agramonte. 2023. "Cell Immortalization: In Vivo Molecular Bases and In Vitro Techniques for Obtention" BioTech 12, no. 1: 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech12010014