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Birds, Volume 3, Issue 1

March 2022 - 11 articles

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Review

5 Citations

11,263 Views

28 Pages

A Critical Review of the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Opioid Medications Used in Avian Patients

Evelyn Aliansyah,
Hui Ting Chng and
Shangzhe Xie

Birds2022, 3(1), 1-28;https://doi.org/10.3390/birds3010001

23 December 2021

Opioid drugs are used to manage moderate to severe pain in mammals and avian species. In dosing opioids for a particular species, it is optimal to use dosing regimens based on pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics studies conducted in the same species...

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Birds - ISSN 2673-6004

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