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Journal. Media, Volume 5, Issue 4 (December 2024) – 23 articles

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15 pages, 468 KiB  
Article
Artificial Intelligence in Slow Journalism: Journalists’ Uses, Perceptions, and Attitudes
by Iban Albizu-Rivas, Sonia Parratt-Fernández and Montse Mera-Fernández
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1836-1850; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040111 (registering DOI) - 4 Dec 2024
Viewed by 122
Abstract
Through long-form, creative, high-quality stories, slow journalism seeks to counteract the effects of speed and immediacy in news production and consumption primarily driven by technological advancements. The advantages of artificial intelligence (AI) in journalism include generating and enhancing content, reducing workloads, and consequently [...] Read more.
Through long-form, creative, high-quality stories, slow journalism seeks to counteract the effects of speed and immediacy in news production and consumption primarily driven by technological advancements. The advantages of artificial intelligence (AI) in journalism include generating and enhancing content, reducing workloads, and consequently giving journalists more time for non-routine and creative tasks. This raises the question of where AI fits into slow journalism. Twenty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with practitioners of slow journalism in Spain to explore their use, attitudes, and perceptions of AI in their work. The findings indicate that the interviewees make rudimentary use of AI tools, and their attitudes range from a slight lack of interest to a willingness to learn more about them, alongside concerns regarding ethical boundaries and the potential for job losses. They assert that they have a moral and human responsibility when producing stories that AI cannot enhance in terms of quality, creativity, and emotional depth. It can be concluded that AI offers little to ‘slow’ journalists due to the significant limitations in enhancing long-form reporting. At most, it may enable them to streamline repetitive and non-creative work, thereby allowing the depth required in slow journalism, at least in its current state of development. Full article
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19 pages, 1018 KiB  
Article
Are ChatGPT-Generated Headlines Better Attention Grabbers than Human-Authored Ones? An Assessment of Salient Features Driving Engagement with Online Media
by Vasile Gherheș, Marcela Alina Fărcașiu and Mariana Cernicova-Buca
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1817-1835; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040110 (registering DOI) - 4 Dec 2024
Viewed by 121
Abstract
This study focuses on the case of news headlines in current online journalism, looking into the current possibilities opened by ChatGPT to generate such texts in an attention-grabbing manner. To assess the reaction of online readers to headlines (clickbait or click-worthy), an online [...] Read more.
This study focuses on the case of news headlines in current online journalism, looking into the current possibilities opened by ChatGPT to generate such texts in an attention-grabbing manner. To assess the reaction of online readers to headlines (clickbait or click-worthy), an online survey was applied, involving Romanian students. A total of 100 original human-authored articles with clickbait headlines were extracted from a relevant Romanian database. ChatGPT was used to generate alternative headlines (one clickbait and one informative) based on the original texts. The resulting corpus of 100 headline triplets was offered to students for evaluation. More than 70% of the 600 participants in the survey preferred AI-generated headlines over the human-authored ones, indicating their experiences and behaviors in media consumption. The preferred headlines were further analyzed along lexical and grammatical characteristics, and stylistically, to pinpoint the features sparking readers’ curiosity and engagement. While on a cognitive level the investigated audience rejected clickbait headlines as being deceitful and frustrating, in practice less than 34% favored neutral and objective headlines. Also, the linguistic analysis provided insights into the mechanics of reader engagement and the effectiveness of various headline strategies. The results are useful to anticipate the adoption of AI as a creative partner in Romanian media practice. Full article
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15 pages, 1053 KiB  
Article
Media Matters: How Information Release Shapes Monkeypox Vaccination Willingness
by Huan Wang and Nan Wu
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1802-1816; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040109 - 27 Nov 2024
Viewed by 553
Abstract
Despite the growing body of evidence addressing the reasons behind vaccine hesitancy, the positive role of media as a key environmental factor influencing vaccination, as well as its function in publicizing and encouraging vaccination, has been less thoroughly explored. This study focuses on [...] Read more.
Despite the growing body of evidence addressing the reasons behind vaccine hesitancy, the positive role of media as a key environmental factor influencing vaccination, as well as its function in publicizing and encouraging vaccination, has been less thoroughly explored. This study focuses on the context of the current Monkeypox epidemic, examining the influence of media release channels and message framing on the public’s willingness to receive the Monkeypox vaccine. The findings are empirically validated through a survey experiment conducted in China. The study reveals that both media channels—traditional TV media, official online media, and user-generated media—and media content framings, specifically thematic and episodic, significantly impact the public’s willingness to be vaccinated against Monkeypox. Notably, in the context of this public health event, individuals were more inclined to trust the episodic framing of traditional TV media and the thematic framing of official online media. Compared to thematic framing, episodic framing generally enhances respondents’ willingness to vaccinate. Furthermore, user-generated media exhibited a more negative effect on vaccination intentions during the Monkeypox epidemic, particularly when combined with episodic framing. Heterogeneity analysis indicated a significant difference in the effectiveness of official online media based on audience identity (student vs. non-student), with the student group showing a preference for official online media channels. The findings underscore the importance of public health communication in carefully selecting media release types and message framings. Additionally, it is crucial to consider audience heterogeneity and to employ differentiated communication methods to enhance the effectiveness of vaccine promotion. Full article
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16 pages, 353 KiB  
Article
Latin America’s Digital Media Ecosystem: An Analysis of Prescription Drug Coverage and Diffusion
by Matthew B. Flynn, Andres Lombana-Bermudez and Ana M. Palacios
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1786-1801; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040108 - 21 Nov 2024
Viewed by 439
Abstract
Many countries ban direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription drugs due to potential health and financial risks. However, the internet and social media now offer new ways for pharmaceutical companies to share information and promote products. Covert marketing—indirectly promoting products through news media—has emerged [...] Read more.
Many countries ban direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription drugs due to potential health and financial risks. However, the internet and social media now offer new ways for pharmaceutical companies to share information and promote products. Covert marketing—indirectly promoting products through news media—has emerged as an alternative. This study explores the digital news landscape for prescription drugs in Latin America, a region that prohibits DTCA. Through content analysis, it examines prescription drug coverage in both traditional and digital news media published between 1 January 2017 and 1 January 2019, as well as its spread via social media platforms in the region’s six largest economies. The findings show that over 62% of news posts lacked neutrality, with articles on new treatments 74% less likely to be neutral, 64% less likely to mention adverse effects, and over eight times more likely to be promotional. Brazilian news had the highest social media sharing rate, with an emphasis on regulatory topics. Overall, digital news in Latin America leans toward promotional content rather than balanced reporting on drug risks and benefits. To support responsible journalism and reduce corporate influence, stronger pharmacovigilance and adherence to professional guidelines prioritizing accuracy, independence, and integrity are needed. Full article
15 pages, 454 KiB  
Article
Cognitive Map of Perceptions of Social Networks as a Means of Justice in Sexual Offenses
by Hila Nadav-Carmel and Azi Lev-On
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1771-1785; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040107 - 20 Nov 2024
Viewed by 538
Abstract
The decision to share deeply personal experiences of sexual violence publicly is complex and multifaceted. This study provides valuable insights into this phenomenon. Interviews conducted with fifteen victims of sexual assault in Israel provide insights into the decision-making pathways of victims. The existing [...] Read more.
The decision to share deeply personal experiences of sexual violence publicly is complex and multifaceted. This study provides valuable insights into this phenomenon. Interviews conducted with fifteen victims of sexual assault in Israel provide insights into the decision-making pathways of victims. The existing literature on sexual victims of sexual assault in Israel offers insights into their decision-making pathways but often lacks integration between theoretical concepts and practical outcomes. This article contributes to this field by proposing a detailed cognitive map that illuminates the specific decisions made by victims in choosing where to disclose their assault. The cognitive map presented in this study provides a comprehensive view of victims’ decision-making pathways. This study is part of a larger research project that involves interviewing communication consultants and analyzing posts from the social network platform Instagram to better understand the perceptions and behaviors of sexual assault victims. The interviews brought up four main themes: the existence of communicative justice and its importance as an arena for achieving justice; social media is critical for achieving justice, sometimes even more than the institutional arena; procedural justice is more important than outcome justice; voice is a leading principle in procedural justice principles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mediating Sexual Violence in the #MeToo Era)
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22 pages, 544 KiB  
Article
Friends or Foes? Exploring the Framing of Artificial Intelligence Innovations in Africa-Focused Journalism
by Abdullateef Mohammed, Adeola Abdulateef Elega, Murtada Busair Ahmad and Felix Oloyede
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1749-1770; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040106 - 18 Nov 2024
Viewed by 883
Abstract
The rise and widespread use of generative AI technologies, including ChatGPT, Claude, Synthesia, DALL-E, Gemini, Meta AI, and others, have raised fresh concerns in journalism practice. While the development represents a source of hope and optimism for some practitioners, including journalists and editors, [...] Read more.
The rise and widespread use of generative AI technologies, including ChatGPT, Claude, Synthesia, DALL-E, Gemini, Meta AI, and others, have raised fresh concerns in journalism practice. While the development represents a source of hope and optimism for some practitioners, including journalists and editors, others express a cautious outlook given the possibilities of its misuse. By leveraging the Google News aggregator service, this research conducts a content and thematic analysis of Africa-focused journalistic articles that touch on the impacts of artificial intelligence technology in journalism practice. Findings indicate that, while the coverage is predominantly positive, the tone of the articles reflects a news industry cautiously navigating the integration of AI. Ethical concerns regarding AI use in journalism were frequently highlighted, which indicates significant apprehension on the part of the news outlets. A close assessment of views presented in a smaller portion of the reviewed articles revealed a sense of unease around the conversation of power in the hands of tech giants. The impact of AI on the financial stability of media outlets was framed as minimal at present, suggesting a neutral, wait-and-see position of news outlets. Our analysis of predominantly quoted sources in the articles revealed that industry professionals and technology experts emerge as the most vocal voices shaping the narrative around AI’s practical applications and technical capabilities in the continent. Full article
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26 pages, 5734 KiB  
Article
Big Data Analysis of ‘VTuber’ Perceptions in South Korea: Insights for the Virtual YouTuber Industry
by Hyemin Kim and Jungho Suh
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1723-1748; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040105 - 15 Nov 2024
Viewed by 790
Abstract
The global VTuber market is experiencing rapid growth, with VTubers extending beyond mere content creators to be utilized in various fields such as social interaction, public relations, and health. VTubers have the potential to expand the existing content market and contribute to increasing [...] Read more.
The global VTuber market is experiencing rapid growth, with VTubers extending beyond mere content creators to be utilized in various fields such as social interaction, public relations, and health. VTubers have the potential to expand the existing content market and contribute to increasing economic and public value. This study aims to investigate the perception of VTubers in South Korea and to provide insights that can contribute to the global activation of the VTuber entertainment industry. For this purpose, unstructured data on VTubers from the past three years, during which interest in VTubers has significantly grown in South Korea, was collected. A total of 57,891 samples were gathered from Naver, Daum, and Google, of which 50 highly relevant data points between VTubers and users were selected for analysis. First, key terms such as ‘Broadcast’, ‘YouTube’, ‘Live’, ‘Game’, ‘Youtuber’, ‘Japan’, ‘Character’, ‘Video’, ‘Sing’, ‘Virtual’, ‘Woowakgood’, ‘Fan’, ‘Idol’, ‘Korea’, ‘Twitch’, ‘IsegyeIdol’, ‘Communication’, ‘Worldview’, ‘VTuberIndustry’, ‘Contents’, ‘AfricaTV’, ‘Nijisanji’, and ‘Streamer’ were extracted. Second, CONCOR analysis revealed four clusters: ‘Famous VTubers’, ‘Features of VTubers’, ‘VTuber Industry’, and ‘VTuber Platforms’. Based on these findings, the study offers various academic and practical implications regarding VTubers in South Korea and explores the potential for global growth in the VTuber industry. Full article
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21 pages, 2803 KiB  
Article
True Crime Podcasting as Participatory Journalism: A Digital Ethnography of Collaborative Case Solving
by Sarah Witmer and David O. Dowling
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1702-1722; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040104 - 14 Nov 2024
Viewed by 790
Abstract
True crime podcasts invite their listeners to crowdsource investigations online, solving cases that have fallen through the cracks of the criminal justice system. Through a cultural criminologist lens, this digital ethnography examines The Vanished podcast as a case study of how true crime [...] Read more.
True crime podcasts invite their listeners to crowdsource investigations online, solving cases that have fallen through the cracks of the criminal justice system. Through a cultural criminologist lens, this digital ethnography examines The Vanished podcast as a case study of how true crime listeners engage with solving cases in digital community spaces. Previous studies have dismissed true crime fans as pseudo police acting as digital vigilantes. Podcasting communities provide an important public service, working as participatory journalists to investigate the story and report the truth. Rather than depending on law enforcement permission to organize, online crime-investigation communities leverage the Internet’s function as an organizing agent for mobilization beyond the parameters of conventional social structures and formal government agencies. Findings reveal a six-step process of case collaboration between podcast producers, active listeners, and family and friends of missing persons. Other communities can apply this unique system to successfully investigate crime, suggesting implications for individuals within marginalized groups less likely to find justice through the formal legal system. Full article
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18 pages, 1040 KiB  
Article
Media Portrayal of EU Commission and Its Leaders: A Content Analysis of Spanish Press (1976–2024)
by Ángel Gallardo-Agudo, Manuel García-Borrego and Sergio Roses
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1684-1701; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040103 - 8 Nov 2024
Viewed by 524
Abstract
The role of the media is key in mediating civil society and its political representatives in EU institutions. In this context, this paper aims to describe the representation of the European Commission, one of the EU’s most important institutions, and its leaders by [...] Read more.
The role of the media is key in mediating civil society and its political representatives in EU institutions. In this context, this paper aims to describe the representation of the European Commission, one of the EU’s most important institutions, and its leaders by two leading Spanish newspapers. In order to address this objective, an automated content analysis was carried out on 13,340 news items published between 6 June 1976 and 15 February 2024 in El País (social democratic media) and ABC (conservative, monarchist media). The sample was subjected to a sentiment analysis as well as topic modeling. The latter method made it possible to identify five predominant issues on the agenda: Economy, Foreign Affairs, Internal Politics, Spanish Politics, and the Future of the EU. The average sentiment, which is close to neutral, has tended slightly toward the negative over the years, although the current president, Ursula von der Leyen, has the highest rating of all the leaders studied. Both El País and ABC provide more negative coverage of the EU when leaders of their ideological opposition govern, a phenomenon that can weaken the European model and encourage political drifts with consequences that are difficult to predict in the medium term. Full article
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38 pages, 4125 KiB  
Article
European Institutional Discourse Concerning the Russian Invasion of Ukraine on the Social Network X
by Raquel Ruiz-Incertis and Jorge Tuñón-Navarro
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1646-1683; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040102 - 7 Nov 2024
Viewed by 809
Abstract
The outbreak at the end of February 2022 of the Russian invasion of Ukraine—and the Russian–Ukrainian hostilities that began in 2014 with the Euromaidan—has led to numerous dramatic episodes from both a humanitarian and an informative perspective. In this context, social media have [...] Read more.
The outbreak at the end of February 2022 of the Russian invasion of Ukraine—and the Russian–Ukrainian hostilities that began in 2014 with the Euromaidan—has led to numerous dramatic episodes from both a humanitarian and an informative perspective. In this context, social media have been filled with rhetoric and narrative mechanisms, both from civil society organisations and from European media and institutions, in their eagerness to define their position within the dialectical battle. This research aims to address organisational communication in the European Union during the first year after the invasion, taking as its object of study the publications of four institutional bodies: European Commission, European Parliament, European Council, and European External Action Service. For this purpose, a content analysis of tweets was carried out, as well as in-depth interviews with specialised actors in institutional communication and disinformation at the EU level. Overall, the results show that the parallel narrative of the Commission, the Parliament, the Council, and the EEAS has been quite similar and lacks significant divergences, reflecting coherence and coordination in the communication strategies around the Ukrainian war, although there are interesting findings on the interaction of the institutions with the media and other civil society actors in communicating this international crisis via social media. Full article
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22 pages, 680 KiB  
Article
Generative AI and Media Content Creation: Investigating the Factors Shaping User Acceptance in the Arab Gulf States
by Mahmoud Sayed Mohamed Ali, Khaled Zaki AbuElkhair Wasel and Amr Mohamed Mahmoud Abdelhamid
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1624-1645; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040101 - 6 Nov 2024
Viewed by 893
Abstract
This article aims to investigate the factors that affect behavioural intention (BI) and user behaviour (UB) among Arabian users of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) applications in the context of media content creation. The study’s theoretical framework is grounded in the unified theory of [...] Read more.
This article aims to investigate the factors that affect behavioural intention (BI) and user behaviour (UB) among Arabian users of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) applications in the context of media content creation. The study’s theoretical framework is grounded in the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2). A sample of 496 users was analysed using the partial least squares structural equation modelling technique (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that BI is significantly influenced by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, hedonic motivation, habit, and user trust, with hedonic motivation having the greatest impact. In terms of UB, facilitation conditions, habit, user trust, and BI were all found to have a positive and significant impact. This study contributes to the existing theory on the utilisation of GenAI applications by organising findings pertaining to the use of AI technology for media content creation. Full article
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17 pages, 1817 KiB  
Article
Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Big Data in Spanish Journalism Education: A Curricular Analysis
by Santiago Tejedor, Laura Cervi, Luis M. Romero-Rodríguez and Stephanie Vick
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1607-1623; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040100 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 702
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) and big data have impacted different professional sectors in our society. Communication and journalism are clearly among them. From the automatic generation of content to the identification of topics of interest or monitoring of users’ usage habits, AI introduces important [...] Read more.
Artificial intelligence (AI) and big data have impacted different professional sectors in our society. Communication and journalism are clearly among them. From the automatic generation of content to the identification of topics of interest or monitoring of users’ usage habits, AI introduces important training challenges for professionals in the field of communication. Meanwhile, big data analytics enables data journalists to handle large amounts of information in an automated manner, allowing them to perform in-depth analysis of disorganized data. This study analyzes the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data in the curricula of journalism degrees offered by Spanish universities. The research employs quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the typology, syllabus, and distribution of subjects directly or indirectly addressing AI and big data topics, based on indicators such as structure, credit system, objectives, competencies, and professional profiles. The results reveal a scarce integration of AI and Big Data subjects in journalism curricula in Spain. Among the analyzed courses, only seven addressed data journalism as a complete course, while 19 introduced AI and Big Data as part of more general content. The study highlights the need for journalism education to adapt to the disruptive impact of AI and big data on the profession. It discusses the debate between focusing on teaching technological skills versus providing critical and ethical values. The research aims to contribute to the discussion on the readiness of journalism curricula to cope with technological advancements by analyzing the Spanish case. Full article
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17 pages, 1354 KiB  
Article
Investigating Online Mis- and Disinformation in Cyprus: Trends and Challenges
by Dimitrios Giomelakis, Costas Constandinides, Maria Noti and Theodora A. Maniou
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1590-1606; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040099 - 29 Oct 2024
Viewed by 647
Abstract
Information disorder constitutes a critical threat to the public sphere, posing significant challenges and negatively affecting society, public trust, and overall democratic stability. This article investigates the phenomenon of online mis- and disinformation in Cyprus, drawing on people’s perceptions of this topic as [...] Read more.
Information disorder constitutes a critical threat to the public sphere, posing significant challenges and negatively affecting society, public trust, and overall democratic stability. This article investigates the phenomenon of online mis- and disinformation in Cyprus, drawing on people’s perceptions of this topic as well as the characteristics that enable disinformation campaigns to go viral. The study explores news consumption habits, people’s concerns about the impact of online disinformation, exposure to false or misleading content, common sources, verification methods, and media literacy. Furthermore, the study aims to shed light on the phenomenon of online mis- and disinformation in Cyprus and identify users’ perspectives. Full article
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19 pages, 4934 KiB  
Article
Media Events in the Digital Age: Analysis of the Treatment of Elizabeth II and Juan Carlos I During the State Funeral
by Marta Martín-Llaguno, Marián Navarro-Beltrá, Rosa Berganza and Lucía García-Almarcha
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1571-1589; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040098 - 29 Oct 2024
Viewed by 668
Abstract
Digitalisation has redefined both media events and monarchical communication by enabling the diverse and critical participation of journalists and citizens. Media events that were once dominated by official narratives are now subject to multiple real-time transformations, with competing storylines emerging. This study examines [...] Read more.
Digitalisation has redefined both media events and monarchical communication by enabling the diverse and critical participation of journalists and citizens. Media events that were once dominated by official narratives are now subject to multiple real-time transformations, with competing storylines emerging. This study examines the treatment of two monarchical figures (Queen Elizabeth II and King Juan Carlos I) during “the first major state funeral in the digital age” when the official invitation to Juan Carlos I generated a debate about his status and sparked curiosity about a potential photo. From an initial collection of 100,000 tweets and 1520 news articles, 187 pieces simultaneously mentioning both monarchs were selected and analysed to compare their treatment. In contrast to the British portrayal linked to professionalism and tradition, the Spanish media—and especially the social networks—immerse Juan Carlos I in controversy. A planned event in which strategic institutional messages were launched serves as an excuse for criticism and polarisation around the monarchy. This confirms that digitalisation has not only altered the way people access and participate but has also redefined the narratives of even the most traditional events. These transformations pose significant challenges to the image management of institutions such as the monarchy. Full article
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17 pages, 2059 KiB  
Systematic Review
Digital Newsroom Transformation: A Systematic Review of the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Journalistic Practices, News Narratives, and Ethical Challenges
by Alem Febri Sonni, Hasdiyanto Hafied, Irwanto Irwanto and Rido Latuheru
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1554-1570; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040097 - 22 Oct 2024
Viewed by 4000
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) fundamentally changes journalism, yet a comprehensive understanding of its impact is limited. This study presents the first systematic review to thoroughly analyze the influence of AI on journalistic practices, news narratives, and emerging ethical challenges. A rigorous analysis of 127 [...] Read more.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) fundamentally changes journalism, yet a comprehensive understanding of its impact is limited. This study presents the first systematic review to thoroughly analyze the influence of AI on journalistic practices, news narratives, and emerging ethical challenges. A rigorous analysis of 127 studies selected from 2478 original articles reveals trends in AI adoption in newsrooms, changes in journalists’ roles, innovations in news presentation, and emerging ethical implications. The key findings show a significant increase in the use of AI for news writing automation (73% of news organizations), data analysis (68%), and content personalization (62%). While AI improves efficiency and accuracy, 42% of studies reported concerns about reduced levels of nuance and context in AI-generated news. We also identified the emergence of hybrid “journalist–programmer” roles (52% of studies) and the need for “AI literacy” among journalists (38% of studies). The most prominent ethical challenges include algorithm transparency (82% of studies), data privacy (76%), and accountability relative to AI content (71%). Regional analysis reveals significant gaps in AI adoption, with important implications for global information equity. This review highlights the ongoing transformation in journalism, identifies critical gaps in current research, and offers an agenda for future investigation. Our findings provide valuable insights for media practitioners, policymakers, and researchers seeking to understand and shape the future of journalism in the age of AI. Full article
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15 pages, 297 KiB  
Article
“(Un)Being a Mother” Media Representation of Motherhood and Female Identity
by Silvia Pezzoli and Marina Brancato
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1539-1553; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040096 - 19 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1077
Abstract
This research examines the portrayal of (non)motherhood in television series from 2016 to 2022. The title, “(Un)being a Mother”, was deliberately chosen for its polysemic nature, facilitating an exploration of the complexities of motherhood, its absence, and the implications for womanhood. The study [...] Read more.
This research examines the portrayal of (non)motherhood in television series from 2016 to 2022. The title, “(Un)being a Mother”, was deliberately chosen for its polysemic nature, facilitating an exploration of the complexities of motherhood, its absence, and the implications for womanhood. The study thematically analyzes 15 television series from Hispanic, Italian, and Anglo-American cultures to reveal the diverse perspectives on motherhood. Utilizing the frameworks of Intensive Mothering, Good Mothering, Good Enough Mothering, and Non-Mothering (including both childless and childfree women), the research aims to illuminate representations of motherhood, variations in mothering paradigms, and the influence of cultural and geographical contexts. This study introduces an innovative methodological approach by investigating recurring themes of (non)motherhood across different cultural productions, incorporating insights from media sociology, gender media studies, anthropology, and ethnographic media research for a comprehensive understanding of the subject. Full article
13 pages, 641 KiB  
Article
Applying the Constructive Journalism Approach to Combat Chinese Information Disorder in the Digital Age
by Haiyue Zhang and Ling Jiang
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1526-1538; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040095 - 16 Oct 2024
Viewed by 934
Abstract
Online media serves as the central platform for information dissemination; however, the rise of information disorders threatens the credibility and authenticity of public information. In China, the transformative impact of the digital age has intensified these disorders, significantly altering the media ecology. This [...] Read more.
Online media serves as the central platform for information dissemination; however, the rise of information disorders threatens the credibility and authenticity of public information. In China, the transformative impact of the digital age has intensified these disorders, significantly altering the media ecology. This study investigated the underlying mechanisms of information overload, algorithmic intervention, and audience polarization, which contribute to the phenomenon of information disorders. By analyzing the roles of content producers, distribution mediums, and audiences within the Chinese context, the study offers a comprehensive understanding of these dynamics. Furthermore, addressing information disorders within the digital media ecosystem has become a critical global challenge. Through a systematic literature review, this study explored potential strategies for mitigating these disorders in China, emphasizing the application of constructive journalism. The constructive journalism framework is proposed as a set of journalistic norms that can foster a healthier and more sustainable online media environment. By enhancing professional ethics, clarifying the instrumental rationality of technology, and employing positive psychology, this approach aims to reduce audience polarization and realize the public value of information dissemination. Full article
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17 pages, 1075 KiB  
Article
Tuning into Fairness? Comparative Content Analysis of Discrimination Reporting in Flemish Public and Commercial Television News
by Ans De Nolf, Lise-Lore Steeman, Rozane De Cock and Leen d’Haenens
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1509-1525; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040094 - 15 Oct 2024
Viewed by 652
Abstract
Disadvantaged groups often face negative portrayals in the media, particularly in news outlets. These portrayals lead to misrepresentation, misunderstanding, and perpetuation of harmful stereotypes. Adding insult to injury, issues important to these groups, such as discrimination, are often reported with bias. Furthermore, media [...] Read more.
Disadvantaged groups often face negative portrayals in the media, particularly in news outlets. These portrayals lead to misrepresentation, misunderstanding, and perpetuation of harmful stereotypes. Adding insult to injury, issues important to these groups, such as discrimination, are often reported with bias. Furthermore, media outlets present discrimination discourse differently, evolving from general to specific issues over time. Television news, a primary information source for 76% of Flemish households significantly shapes public perceptions. Therefore, examining television news portrayal of discrimination is crucial, as it can either reinforce or challenge existing prejudices. This longitudinal study analyzes Flemish television news coverage of discrimination (N = 252) from 2017 to 2021, comparing the public broadcaster VRT with its commercial counterpart VTM. Racial discrimination was the most frequently reported issue, influenced by global movements like Black Lives Matter (BLM). There was an increase in coverage of sexuality-related discrimination in 2021, reflecting heightened media focus on LGBTQ+ issues and activism. The portrayal of discrimination varied, with direct discrimination most frequently reported. While VRT and VTM differed significantly in coverage duration and focus, overall coverage of discrimination topics showed no major disparities. This study emphasizes the need to address intersectionality and systemic issues in media coverage to reflect societal diversity accurately. Full article
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15 pages, 269 KiB  
Article
Embracing Immersive Journalism: Adoption and Integration by News Media Producers
by Ioanna Georgia Eskiadi and Nikolaos Panagiotou
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1494-1508; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040093 - 27 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1649
Abstract
Immersive journalism, utilizing virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies, offers a transformative approach to storytelling by creating deeply engaging news experiences. This study examines the acceptance of immersive journalism by people working in news media industries focusing on different demographic groups. [...] Read more.
Immersive journalism, utilizing virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies, offers a transformative approach to storytelling by creating deeply engaging news experiences. This study examines the acceptance of immersive journalism by people working in news media industries focusing on different demographic groups. Using qualitative focus groups, participants from varied age groups experienced VR news stories and discussed their perceptions and responses. Key findings revealed high emotional engagement across all demographics, with younger participants showing greater enthusiasm and ease with the technology, while older participants expressed interest but faced technological barriers. Trust in the media and perceived realism were crucial factors influencing acceptance. Concerns about accessibility and inclusivity were also significant, particularly among older and less technologically proficient participants. This study concludes that, for immersive journalism to gain widespread acceptance, media organizations must address technological barriers, enhance user education, and ensure ethical standards in storytelling. These insights contribute to understanding how immersive journalism can be integrated into mainstream media to enhance audience engagement and trust, highlighting the importance of accessibility and emotional resonance in the adoption of innovative media technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Journalism and Immersive Media: Challenges and Opportunities)
17 pages, 1295 KiB  
Article
Intercultural Attitudes Embedded in Microblogging: Sentiment and Content Analyses of Data from Sina Weibo
by Xiaotian Zhang
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1477-1493; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040092 - 27 Sep 2024
Viewed by 898
Abstract
This study analyzed 2421 microblogs posted between the year 2012 to March 2022 reflecting the microbloggers’ attitudes toward different cultures. Results indicated that (1) the number of microblog posts expressing the users’ intercultural attitudes increased distinctly from 2019 to March 2022, with females [...] Read more.
This study analyzed 2421 microblogs posted between the year 2012 to March 2022 reflecting the microbloggers’ attitudes toward different cultures. Results indicated that (1) the number of microblog posts expressing the users’ intercultural attitudes increased distinctly from 2019 to March 2022, with females users in general posting more microblogs than males; (2) females posted more microblogs encompassing positive emotions to show their interest and motivation to learn about foreign cultures, and the tendency to value and appreciate cultural differences, whereas males created more sentimentally neutral posts that revealed their recognition of the existence of cultural differences, and females and males posted a similar number of microblogs containing negative emotions; and (3) more posts involved “small c” culture were posted than those containing themes belonging to the “Big C” culture. Gender gap was further observed regarding the cultural themes concerned by the microbloggers. Implications were discussed in the context of intercultural education. Full article
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25 pages, 5781 KiB  
Article
Disney Reloaded: Pixar’s Influence on the Evolution of Disney Animation Feature Films (1994–2018)
by Marta Izarra de Luna and Roberto Gelado Marcos
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1452-1476; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040091 - 25 Sep 2024
Viewed by 3152
Abstract
Disney animation studios created and subsequently shaped the animation genre for the last two-thirds of the 20th century, but the appearance of Pixar in the industry and their unstoppable success changed the rules of the game. (1) Apart from a new and revolutionary [...] Read more.
Disney animation studios created and subsequently shaped the animation genre for the last two-thirds of the 20th century, but the appearance of Pixar in the industry and their unstoppable success changed the rules of the game. (1) Apart from a new and revolutionary technology, Pixar introduced a new type of storytelling in animation based on characters and stories that we believe ended up tremendously influencing Disney’s storytelling starting in 2006, when the big animation studio purchased its most threatening competitor. Our study also tries to shed some light on whether the changes happened only at the level of storytelling or also crystallized into better box office and rating data. (2) We aim to clarify this belief and turn it into a reality through the content analysis of Disney animation features before and after the purchase of Pixar. (3) Our results show that Pixar’s influence on Disney is remarkable, both in the movies’ narrative and in their reception by the audience and the critics. (4) This confirms not only the change in the story-telling strategies of the company, enhancing psychological construction of the protagonists of Disney animation features, but also the subsequent impact on its audiences. Full article
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19 pages, 330 KiB  
Article
Political Listening and Podcasting: The Case of Tunisia
by Thouraya Snoussi, Islam Habis Mohammad Hatamleh, Leon Barkho and Noura Abusamra
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1433-1451; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040090 - 25 Sep 2024
Viewed by 882
Abstract
This paper examines the dynamics of political listening, news processing, and podcasting in North African countries through the case study of Tunisia. The analysis centers on Tunisian President Kais Saied’s speech on 25 July 2021, in which he dissolved the Parliament and assumed [...] Read more.
This paper examines the dynamics of political listening, news processing, and podcasting in North African countries through the case study of Tunisia. The analysis centers on Tunisian President Kais Saied’s speech on 25 July 2021, in which he dissolved the Parliament and assumed full control, following widespread public protests against the country’s deteriorating conditions. By leveraging the concept of political listening, this study investigates the methods podcasters employ to foster political engagement in Tunisia. The content analysis encompasses five podcasts produced between 25 July and 31 December 2021. The findings reveal that podcasters address the constitutional legitimacy of Saied’s actions and criticize the Ennahda party for its power monopoly attempts. The use of interview-based narratives, coupled with emotional elements such as humor and sarcasm, enhances the linguistic impact, conveys optimism, and garners support for the president. This approach signifies the emergence of an alternative public sphere, purposefully crafted to attract political listening, enrich public knowledge, foster cohesion, and encourage civic participation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Journalism in Africa: New Trends)
20 pages, 1128 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Perceived Timeliness of Information Release on Subjective Well-Being: A Heterogeneity Perspective
by Yiyun Ma and Shiwei Zhou
Journal. Media 2024, 5(4), 1413-1432; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040089 - 25 Sep 2024
Viewed by 577
Abstract
The perceived timeliness of information release (PTIR) refers to the public’s overall assessment of the interval between the generation of information and its dissemination. Scholars are increasingly concerned with understanding how PTIR influences subjective well-being (SWB), which encompasses individuals’ self-evaluation of their life [...] Read more.
The perceived timeliness of information release (PTIR) refers to the public’s overall assessment of the interval between the generation of information and its dissemination. Scholars are increasingly concerned with understanding how PTIR influences subjective well-being (SWB), which encompasses individuals’ self-evaluation of their life satisfaction, emotional experiences, and overall quality of life. This study proposes a research framework to investigate the relationship between PTIR and SWB among social media users, focusing on the mediating roles of social comparison, social security, and information stock. Utilizing data collected from 708 respondents via the Questionnaire Star app, we employed structural equation modeling to analyze the data. The results indicate that PTIR has a significant positive impact on SWB, primarily through the mediating effects of social security and information stock, while social comparison does not show a significant mediating effect. Additionally, it highlights the varying impact of these mediators based on individuals’ social media usage patterns, with frequent users experiencing a diminished influence of social security and information stock on their SWB. These findings provide valuable insights into the pathways through which PTIR and social media dynamics influence SWB, offering important implications for the theory and practice in enhancing individual well-being in the digital age. Full article
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