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Eng. Proc., 2026, MEST 2025

The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025)

Samarinda, Indonesia | 11–12 December 2025

Volume Editors:
Rusandi Noor, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur (UMKT), Indonesia
Sigiet Haryo Pranoto, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur (UMKT), Indonesia
Arbansyah, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur (UMKT), Indonesia
Sarjito, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta (UMS), Indonesia
Waluyo Adi Siswanto, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta (UMS), Indonesia
Agus Dwi Anggono, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta (UMS), Indonesia
Taghfirul Azhima Yoga Siswa, Universiti Muhammadiyah Malaysia (UMAM), Indonesia

Number of Papers: 22
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Cover Story (view full-size image): The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025), organized by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, was [...] Read more.
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7 pages, 765 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Influence of Eggshell-Derived CaO on the Energy Changes of Acetylenic and Alkane C–H (sp3) Stretching in B35 Biodiesel
by Subroto, Marwan Effendy, Ngafwan and Pramuko Ilmu Purboputro
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137001 - 20 May 2026
Viewed by 489
Abstract
The addition of calcium oxide (CaO) as an additive to B35 biodiesel enhances molecular modifications through changes in the FAME chemical structure. CaO was dispersed in biodiesel using 48 kHz ultrasonic vibration for 48 hours, inducing an exothermic reaction that generated Ca+ [...] Read more.
The addition of calcium oxide (CaO) as an additive to B35 biodiesel enhances molecular modifications through changes in the FAME chemical structure. CaO was dispersed in biodiesel using 48 kHz ultrasonic vibration for 48 hours, inducing an exothermic reaction that generated Ca+ and O− ions. These ions primarily affected C–H bonds in CH3, CH2, and CH groups, with the strongest impact on CH3 due to its highest bond energy. This perturbation triggered molecular fragmentation and the formation of acetylenic and sp3 alkane C–H compounds, serving as precursors for new functional groups. The study revealed a potential energy increase of 8.1% for acetylenic C–H chains and 13.2% for sp3 alkane C–H stretching. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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9 pages, 6454 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Effect of Fly Ash Fineness in Cement Replacement on the Compressive Behavior and Durability of Normal-Strength High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete
by Mochammad Solikin, Fauzi Mubarak, Indra Rustama, Abdul Rochman, Arruna Rodhi Prasetya and Ibnu Nur Ihsan
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137002 - 20 May 2026
Viewed by 343
Abstract
Concrete remains one of the most extensively utilized construction materials for buildings, bridges, and infrastructure. High-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete has emerged as a sustainable choice to conventional mixtures, primarily due to its reduced cement demand and enhanced durability. Nevertheless, systematic investigations on [...] Read more.
Concrete remains one of the most extensively utilized construction materials for buildings, bridges, and infrastructure. High-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete has emerged as a sustainable choice to conventional mixtures, primarily due to its reduced cement demand and enhanced durability. Nevertheless, systematic investigations on the fineness fly ash contributions both for strength growth and durability performance of normal-strength HVFA concrete remain limited. The present study examines the effect of fly ash particle size, employed as a partial cement replacement, on the compressive strength and durability of normal-strength HVFA concrete. In this work, 50% of the cement by weight was substituted with fly ash of two fineness levels: passing sieve No. 200 and sieve No. 400. Twelve specimens were prepared for each mix variation, comprising compressive strength specimens (Ø15 cm × 30 cm) tested at 14, 28, and 56 days, as well as durability specimens assessed using the Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT) at 56 days. The results demonstrate that finer fly ash markedly improves compressive strength, with the highest value of 36.33 MPa recorded at 56 days for HVFA concrete comprising fly ash passing sieve No. 400. Regarding durability, increased fineness substantially reduced chloride ion ingress, as indicated by a decline in charge passed from 1845 coulombs in normal concrete to 987 coulombs in HVFA concrete with fly ash passing sieve No. 400, corresponding to a classification of very low chloride penetrability. These findings highlight the critical contribution of the fineness of fly ash in optimizing both mechanical performance and durability characteristics of HVFA concrete. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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12 pages, 698 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Monitor Redesign Based on the 3R Principles (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) for Environmental Sustainability
by Ida Nursanti, Raihan Arifin, Ratnanto Fitriadi and Dinda Ramadani
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137003 - 20 May 2026
Viewed by 232
Abstract
The rapid growth of electronic waste has created an urgent need for more sustainable product design. Current monitor designs often prioritize aesthetics and performance over repairability, reusability, and recyclability, leading to unnecessary material consumption and short product lifespans. This study focuses on redesigning [...] Read more.
The rapid growth of electronic waste has created an urgent need for more sustainable product design. Current monitor designs often prioritize aesthetics and performance over repairability, reusability, and recyclability, leading to unnecessary material consumption and short product lifespans. This study focuses on redesigning a 24-inch monitor using the principles of reduce, reuse, and recycle (3R) to enhance environmental sustainability. The research examines five commercially available monitors. The redesign reduces material complexity, enhances modularity, and increases recyclability. The final concept features a lightweight structure (2.4 kg) made from 90% recycled plastic, magnetic bezel attachments for easy disassembly, and clear resin coding for material recovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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8 pages, 700 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Design of a Pico Hydro Power Plant with an Archimedes Screw Turbine and a Monitoring System IoT
by Umar, Hasyim Asy’ari, Rojali Rifkal Amri, Rohmad Mucharom and Muhammad Irfan Eriansyah
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137004 - 20 May 2026
Viewed by 478
Abstract
The Indonesian government should seriously consider the use of renewable energy, given the natural potential that can still be utilized as an environmentally friendly power source. The utilization of renewable energy can be achieved by harnessing available natural resources. Pico hydro power plants [...] Read more.
The Indonesian government should seriously consider the use of renewable energy, given the natural potential that can still be utilized as an environmentally friendly power source. The utilization of renewable energy can be achieved by harnessing available natural resources. Pico hydro power plants (PLTPHs) can serve as an alternative electricity generator for use in Indonesia due to the existing natural potential. The output from this power plant can be utilized directly or stored in batteries. Directly measuring the generator’s performance on-site is deemed less effective. Therefore, a monitoring system is introduced as a solution to allow remote monitoring and display parameters such as voltage, current, frequency, and power of the generator online. This system is designed to display the micro hydro generator’s output parameter data on the Blynk application. The display on the Blynk application can be monitored via a connected mobile phone. Testing of the monitoring system was carried out by comparing two sets of measurements: one through the PZEM-004T sensor system and the other through a kWh meter (Kilowatt-hour meter). For the AC output from the battery with a 12-watt lamp load (tested 4 times), the reading error values obtained were a voltage reading error of 0.2%, a current reading error of 19.4%, a frequency reading error of 0.67%, and a power reading error of 18.2%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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8 pages, 1926 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Effect of Combustion Power Levels and Operational Pressures in the Pyrolysis Gas-Fired Industrial Burners: A Numerical Analysis
by B. S. Rahayu Purwanti, Rouf Muhammad, Hamid Ramadhan Nur, Muhammad Nurtanto, Tri Widodo Besar Riyadi, Desi Gustiani, Muhamad Safi’i and Ghani Putra Nuari
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137005 - 20 May 2026
Viewed by 423
Abstract
Biomass waste is a renewable energy source applied in various forms of energy, including electricity, heat, and fuel. Fuel generated through the pyrolysis of gas-fired industrial burners has played a crucial role in decreasing carbon emissions and addressing the greenhouse effect. This work [...] Read more.
Biomass waste is a renewable energy source applied in various forms of energy, including electricity, heat, and fuel. Fuel generated through the pyrolysis of gas-fired industrial burners has played a crucial role in decreasing carbon emissions and addressing the greenhouse effect. This work investigated the efficiency of pyrolysis in gas-fired industrial burners using a numerical study using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The study observed the effects of varying combustion power levels (200 kW, 700 kW, and 1000 kW) and operational pressures (105.5 kPa and 211 kPa). The numerical analysis employs the k-ω standard viscous model for turbulence and assumes steady-state conditions. Grid testing and validation were conducted based on prior studies. The results show that the highest efficiency was achieved at 62.03% using a combustion power level of 1000 kW and an operating pressure of 211 kPa. The selected parameters are the recommended configuration for practical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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10 pages, 1672 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Enhancing Manufacturing Efficiency Through an Integrated Lean Six Sigma and TRIZ Framework: A Case Study in Noodle Production
by Wendra Gandhatyasri Rohmah, Anindya Revanestika Putri Sulistyono, Riska Septifani and Yung-Tsan Jou
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137006 - 20 May 2026
Viewed by 198
Abstract
This study aims to enhance manufacturing efficiency in noodle production by integrating Lean Six Sigma and the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ). The DMAI structure of Lean Six Sigma is employed, with TRIZ tools incorporated into the improvement stage to generate innovative, [...] Read more.
This study aims to enhance manufacturing efficiency in noodle production by integrating Lean Six Sigma and the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ). The DMAI structure of Lean Six Sigma is employed, with TRIZ tools incorporated into the improvement stage to generate innovative, technically feasible solutions. Results indicate that the noodle production process operates at a three-sigma performance level, with seven major categories of waste identified as the primary contributors to inefficiency. Implementation of the proposed improvement framework is projected to reduce total production time to 10,345 s and increase the proportion of value-added activities to 95.55%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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10 pages, 2477 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Analysis of the Effect of Varying Flow Rates and Nanofluid–Silica Concentrations on the Behavior of the Heat Transfer Coefficient
by Agus Dwi Anggono, Farid Firmansyah, Nur Aklis, Nurmuntaha Agung Nugraha and Arif Surono
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137007 - 20 May 2026
Viewed by 140
Abstract
Determining how flow rate and silica nanoparticle addition affect the heat transfer coefficient is the goal of this study. SEM-EDX testing was carried out to obtain the morphologcal structure of nanosilica and the chemical content of nanosilica. Dispersion of silica nanoparticles (SiO2 [...] Read more.
Determining how flow rate and silica nanoparticle addition affect the heat transfer coefficient is the goal of this study. SEM-EDX testing was carried out to obtain the morphologcal structure of nanosilica and the chemical content of nanosilica. Dispersion of silica nanoparticles (SiO2) with concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% in the base fluid of radiator water was carried out using a magnetic stirrer for 1 h. Next, PSA testing was carried out on the silica–water radiator nanofluid to determine the size of the nanosilica particles. Tests were carried out with discharge variations of 2.4, 6 lpm and concentration variations of 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%. The findings indicate that the fluids without the addition of nanoparticles at a discharge of 2 lpm have the lowest heat transfer coefficient at 7.03 W/m2·°C, and the fluids with a 0.3% silica concentration at a discharge of 6 lpm have the highest heat transfer coefficient at 15.61 W/m2·°C. The coefficient of heat transmission increased by 122%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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6 pages, 1080 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Adsorption Kinetics of N-Doped Carbon Modified with Magnetite for Hexavalent Chromium
by Susanto Susanto, Agus Jalaluddin, Rofiq Hamzah and Mochammad Agung Indra Iswara
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137008 - 20 May 2026
Viewed by 174
Abstract
Chromium six valence (Cr(VI)) is a hazardous heavy metal that tends to bioaccumulate in aquatic species. Adsorption is preferred used in Cr(VI) treatment due to its operational simplicity, low cost, environmental sustainability, and high efficiency. This research aimed to investigate the kinetics of [...] Read more.
Chromium six valence (Cr(VI)) is a hazardous heavy metal that tends to bioaccumulate in aquatic species. Adsorption is preferred used in Cr(VI) treatment due to its operational simplicity, low cost, environmental sustainability, and high efficiency. This research aimed to investigate the kinetics of substantial Cr(VI) adsorption using Magnetite-modified N-doped adsorbent. The research started with the synthesis of adsorbents, proceeded to the test of adsorption under varying contact times, and finished with an analysis of adsorption kinetics. The results indicated that the magnetite-modified N-doped adsorbent successfully adsorbed Cr(VI) at a rate of 0.1336 min−1, with an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 158.73 mg/g. The kinetics of this adsorption follows to a pseudo second-order model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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6 pages, 902 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Addition of Al2O3 Fine to Aluminum–Alumina Composite by Stir Casting Manufacture
by Sri Mulyo Bondan Respati, Nur Kholis and Ja’far Sodiq
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137009 - 20 May 2026
Viewed by 345
Abstract
Aluminum waste is one of the oldest wastes to be decomposed and can be processed again. Processing of aluminum waste can be done using casting, but re-casting results in reduced aluminum strength. How to strengthen aluminum by making composites is of interest. Composites [...] Read more.
Aluminum waste is one of the oldest wastes to be decomposed and can be processed again. Processing of aluminum waste can be done using casting, but re-casting results in reduced aluminum strength. How to strengthen aluminum by making composites is of interest. Composites with aluminum waste base material can be reinforced with alumina. This research makes aluminum composites with the addition of alumina powder variations at 0; 15; 20; and 25%. The manufacturing uses stir casting at 500 rpm for 5 min and a pouring temperature of 750 °C. The casting results were photographed for tensile test specimens. The results of the macrostructure show the largest open porosity with the addition of 20% alumina. Meanwhile the results of tensile testing show that material without reinforcement has an average value of tensile strength of 182.33 MPa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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11 pages, 1898 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Alginate/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Nanoparticles for Enhanced Delivery of Vitexin: Physicochemical Characterization, Anti-Oxidant, and Multitarget Antidiabetic Potential
by Ngo Thi Hoai Thu, Ha Phuong Thu, Nguyen Thi Minh Hang, Phan Ke Son, Nguyen Cam Ha, Le Thi Thom, Nguyen Van Tru and Pham Ngoc Long
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137010 - 22 May 2026
Viewed by 345
Abstract
Vitexin is a potent C-glycosyl flavone from mung bean coats with significant antioxidant properties, constrained by poor solubility and bioavailability. In this study, Nanovitexin (NV) was encapsulated within a biocompatible Alginate/Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Alg/CMC) matrix via a modified solvent evaporation technique assisted by chemical [...] Read more.
Vitexin is a potent C-glycosyl flavone from mung bean coats with significant antioxidant properties, constrained by poor solubility and bioavailability. In this study, Nanovitexin (NV) was encapsulated within a biocompatible Alginate/Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Alg/CMC) matrix via a modified solvent evaporation technique assisted by chemical cross-linking. The optimized NV exhibited a mean dry particle size of 50–70 nm, high concentration (0.05–0.25 mg/mL), and stability (Zeta potential >30 mV). FT-IR analysis confirmed the successful entrapment via intermolecular interactions. Notably, NV exhibited enhanced activities compared to free vitexin (FV), showing superior DPPH scavenging (IC50 of 115.38 μg/mL) versus FV (IC50 of 226.06 μg/mL). Furthermore, NV demonstrated significantly enhanced in vitro antidiabetic potential, displayed no cytotoxicity towards HepG2 cells, and effectively protected against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The Alg/CMC nanomatrix effectively improves vitexin bioactivity, suggesting promising potential for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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8 pages, 1058 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Optimizing the Thickness Configuration of Bilayer Alumina-Aluminum Armors
by Tri Widodo Besar Riyadi, Bagus Yulian Nugroho, Akida Mulyaningtyas, Haryanto and Desi Gustiani
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137011 - 21 May 2026
Viewed by 467
Abstract
The ballistic performance of the armor against the projectile impact is affected by the armor configuration. This work investigates the ballistic performance of alumina-aluminum armor impacted by a 20 mm armor-piercing projectile using simulation. A semi-analytical model was used to predict the residual [...] Read more.
The ballistic performance of the armor against the projectile impact is affected by the armor configuration. This work investigates the ballistic performance of alumina-aluminum armor impacted by a 20 mm armor-piercing projectile using simulation. A semi-analytical model was used to predict the residual projectile velocity and ballistic limit velocity for various panel configurations. The results show that increasing the alumina thickness in conjunction with decreasing the aluminum thickness can reduce the panel’s total thickness by 2.5–10% and areal density by 1.1–4.6%, without sacrificing the panel’s ballistic performance. This study assists engineers in determining ways to enhance the structural integrity of an armored vehicle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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12 pages, 20513 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Prediction of Potential Product Defects in the High-Pressure ADC12 Casting Process Using Program Simulation
by Indra Widarmadi, Agus Dwi Anggono and Agus Yulianto
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137012 - 21 May 2026
Viewed by 396
Abstract
High-pressure casting technology is continuously evolving to achieve improved product quality. In the casting process using ADC12 alloy, defects such as porosity, shrinkage, cold shut, and others are frequently observed and may arise due to the complex interplay of heat and mass transfer, [...] Read more.
High-pressure casting technology is continuously evolving to achieve improved product quality. In the casting process using ADC12 alloy, defects such as porosity, shrinkage, cold shut, and others are frequently observed and may arise due to the complex interplay of heat and mass transfer, thermodynamic principles, and fluid flow rates. These types of defects can be predicted through computational simulation. By analyzing the simulation results of a given component, engineers can utilize them as a reference for establishing machine parameters. This approach enables the early identification of potential defects, allowing for the optimization of the relevant parameters. The integration of casting machines with process simulation thus serves as a complementary strategy for producing high-quality castings that meet customer requirements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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10 pages, 10037 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Eco-Friendly Biosynthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Psidium guajava Leaf Extract for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue
by Herry Purnama, Fanni Kani Hanifa and Choirunisa Rurita Paldefi
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137013 - 25 May 2026
Viewed by 498
Abstract
Increasing volumes of dye-containing wastewater generated by the textile industry have become a serious environmental issue, particularly in Indonesia, where textile production contributes substantially to industrial activity. Among synthetic dyes, methylene blue (MB) is widely used because of its low cost and high [...] Read more.
Increasing volumes of dye-containing wastewater generated by the textile industry have become a serious environmental issue, particularly in Indonesia, where textile production contributes substantially to industrial activity. Among synthetic dyes, methylene blue (MB) is widely used because of its low cost and high solubility in water; however, its persistence, toxicity, and potential carcinogenicity make its removal from wastewater highly important. Conventional treatment methods are often limited by incomplete degradation and secondary waste generation. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were synthesized through a green route using Psidium guajava leaf extract as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. Characterization by PSA, UV-Vis, SEM-EDX, and XRD confirmed the formation of magnetite-like iron oxide particles with sizes ranging from 209.2 to 291.4 nm. Photocatalytic experiments showed high MB degradation efficiency (94.7–99.0%) under UV irradiation, highlighting the potential of guava leaf-mediated IONPs as low-cost, sustainable photocatalysts for wastewater treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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5 pages, 1593 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Design and Modeling of the Rolling Process Using Finite Element Method
by Sigiet Haryo Pranoto, Juan Pratama and Doddy Dwi Apriyanto
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137014 - 26 May 2026
Viewed by 235
Abstract
In this study, the three-dimensional modeling and numerical simulation of the rolling process were carried out based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). This study analyzes von Mises stress distribution, maximum strain, and deformation patterns of the workpiece under compressive forces from two [...] Read more.
In this study, the three-dimensional modeling and numerical simulation of the rolling process were carried out based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). This study analyzes von Mises stress distribution, maximum strain, and deformation patterns of the workpiece under compressive forces from two counter-rotating rollers. Three workpiece dimensions (20 × 20 × 200 mm, 25 × 25 × 200 mm, and 30 × 30 × 200 mm) were tested to evaluate the effect of cross-sectional size on load distribution and plastic deformation. The results show that von Mises stress ranged from 65.71 MPa to 460 MPa, with maximum strain from 152,000 µstrain to 723,800 µstrain. Larger cross sections provide wider contact areas, leading to more uniform stress distribution and enhanced plastic flow. These findings serve as a reference for optimizing rolling parameters in metal manufacturing to produce precise and defect-minimized products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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11 pages, 19630 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Design and Development of Bio-Polyurethane Production System Experimental Apparatus
by Hendi Saryanto and Anika Zafiah M. Rus
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137015 - 29 May 2026
Viewed by 193
Abstract
This study presents a green-intensified system for the production of bio-based polyurethane foam using waste cooking oil (WCO) as the primary polyol source. The experimental setup was specifically designed to apply the concept of green intensification by integrating cavitation energy generated through ultrasonic [...] Read more.
This study presents a green-intensified system for the production of bio-based polyurethane foam using waste cooking oil (WCO) as the primary polyol source. The experimental setup was specifically designed to apply the concept of green intensification by integrating cavitation energy generated through ultrasonic irradiation with a high-shear mixing system. This hybrid approach facilitates the effective mixing of WCO-based bio-polyol with isocyanate, enhancing the reaction during foam formation. An ultrasonic atomizer was employed to convert water into a fine mist, which was then introduced into the reaction mixture using a controlled air blower. The misted water serves as an eco-friendly blowing agent, improving its dispersion within the polyol matrix. The results indicate that this method prolongs gel time, suggesting a more controlled and gradual blowing reaction. Furthermore, the combined use of ultrasonic irradiation and high-shear mixing significantly reduced foam density and produced a finer, more uniform cellular structure. These findings demonstrate that ultrasonic-assisted misting and emulsification not only enhance process efficiency but also contribute to the environmentally sustainable synthesis of bio-polyurethane foam. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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12 pages, 4256 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Analysis of Flood Water Level Profiles and Scouring Potential for a 200-Meter Span Suspension Bridge
by Rusandi Noor, Ikhwan Nur Rizal and Aulia Zainah Az-Zahra Ramadhani
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137016 - 3 Jun 2026
Viewed by 127
Abstract
This study analyzes the scouring characteristics of the Mahakam River section to support bridge design and safety assessments. Using a 100-year return period, the design rainfall was determined to be 1246 mm via the Log Pearson III method, resulting in a peak design [...] Read more.
This study analyzes the scouring characteristics of the Mahakam River section to support bridge design and safety assessments. Using a 100-year return period, the design rainfall was determined to be 1246 mm via the Log Pearson III method, resulting in a peak design flood discharge (Q100) of 77,984 m3/s. Hydraulic analysis using a rating curve indicates a flood water level elevation of 32.578 m from the riverbed. Scouring calculations, including construction and stream scouring, were performed using Laursen’s and empirical methods. The results show a total scouring depth of 4.8 cm/year, primarily driven by stream scouring, as construction scouring was zero under current existing conditions. These findings emphasize the necessity of bank protection, such as gabions, to mitigate erosion risks for future infrastructure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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8 pages, 527 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Design and Optimization of a Real-Time Monitoring System for Permanent Magnet-Based Archimedes Screw Pico-Hydro Power
by Umar, Hasyim Asy’ari, Rojali Rifkal Amri, Rohmad Mucharom and Muhammad Irfan Eriansah
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137017 - 4 Jun 2026
Viewed by 186
Abstract
This research designs a pico-hydro power system utilizing an Archimedes Screw turbine and an 18S16P Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) for low-head efficiency. The primary focus is on optimizing real-time IoT-based monitoring via the Blynk application to replace inefficient manual observation. The methodology [...] Read more.
This research designs a pico-hydro power system utilizing an Archimedes Screw turbine and an 18S16P Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) for low-head efficiency. The primary focus is on optimizing real-time IoT-based monitoring via the Blynk application to replace inefficient manual observation. The methodology includes Infolytica MagNet simulations, manufacturing, and testing electrical parameters (voltage, current, power, frequency). Results indicate that power output increases linearly with Revolutions Per Minute (RPM), while the PZEM-004t sensor achieves high accuracy with voltage errors as low as 0.04–0.2%. This system successfully integrates permanent magnet technology and digital monitoring as a sustainable, measurable, renewable energy solution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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14 pages, 1341 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Strategic Upgrading Framework for Enhancing the Global Competitiveness of Indonesian Coffee MSMEs
by Vicky Pratama Putra, Yung-Tsan Jou, Wendra Gandhatyasri Rohmah and Hendri Cahya Aprilianto
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137018 - 4 Jun 2026
Viewed by 213
Abstract
Indonesian coffee MSMEs face increasing pressure to meet certification standards and adopt digital technologies to remain competitive in export markets. Despite strong agro-ecological advantages and rising global demand, upgrading efforts remain fragmented and lack clear prioritization. This study develops and empirically evaluates a [...] Read more.
Indonesian coffee MSMEs face increasing pressure to meet certification standards and adopt digital technologies to remain competitive in export markets. Despite strong agro-ecological advantages and rising global demand, upgrading efforts remain fragmented and lack clear prioritization. This study develops and empirically evaluates a decision-focused upgrading framework by integrating Porter’s Diamond, Global Value Chain (GVC) upgrading, and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Using Dampit coffee MSMEs as a case study, the results identify competitiveness gaps linked to functional upgrading needs. AHP prioritization highlights Operational Excellence as the most critical strategy, emphasizing process improvement and reliability. The framework offers practical guidance for MSMEs and policymakers to support structured and sustainable upgrading toward global market integration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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15 pages, 5931 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Maleic Anhydride Polypropylene in Improving Interfacial Adhesion in Untreated Palm Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites
by Bibit Sugito Suryo Suparto, Supriyono and Rois Fathoni
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137019 - 10 Jun 2026
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Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) in improving the mechanical performance and interfacial adhesion of lignocellulosic fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. Based on Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) investigations, the relationship between fiber fraction, MAPP content, mechanical characteristics, and fracture morphology [...] Read more.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) in improving the mechanical performance and interfacial adhesion of lignocellulosic fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. Based on Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) investigations, the relationship between fiber fraction, MAPP content, mechanical characteristics, and fracture morphology was the main focus. The test results showed that the stiffness and tensile strength of the composites increased with the addition of MAPP. The esterification reaction between the anhydride groups of MAPP and the hydroxyl groups of the fibers strengthened the interphase covalent bond, with the 46:50:4 composition producing the highest elastic modulus of 79.67 MPa and maximum tensile stress of 11.01 MPa. The dense interphase zone, few gaps, and no dominant fiber tension were all confirmed by SEM morphology, and also indicated effective stress transfer from the PP matrix to the fibers. However, the toughness of the material decreased significantly with increasing stiffness. Due to strong plastic deformation in the PP matrix that is not tightly attached to the fibers, the composition without MAPP (30:70:0) shows high impact energy and breaking strain, reaching 25.39 kJ/m2 and 121.26%, respectively. The increase in chemical bonding at 4% MAPP content limits the mobility of the polymer chains, making it more brittle. In addition, even though MAPP is still present in the system, increasing the fiber fraction above 60% causes agglomeration, decreased homogeneity, and increased voids due to limited matrix wetting, ultimately deteriorating the mechanical properties. Tensile stress and elastic modulus have a very strong positive correlation (R2 = 0.93), while impact energy and strain have a good correlation (R2 = 0.89). The results overall showed that the ideal MAPP dosage is in the range of 4% before interface saturation occurs and confirmed that MAPP efficiency is determined by the balance between fiber composition, MAPP quantity, and dispersion homogeneity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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13 pages, 6309 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Optimizing Sentiment Classification on IKN Development: A Comparative Study of TF-IDF, Word2Vec, and FastText Embeddings
by Taghfirul Azhima Yoga Siswa, Mi’raj Fattah, Mu. Aldi Fahrozi, Debby Fahrizal Rahman and Fadhil Irsyad Ramadhani
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137020 - 12 Jun 2026
Viewed by 246
Abstract
The relocation of the National Capital City (IKN) has instigated significant polarization of public discourse on YouTube, presenting substantial challenges for sentiment analysis due to the high variability of non-standard linguistic patterns. Existing scholarship, how-ever, has frequently overlooked the bias inherent in accuracy [...] Read more.
The relocation of the National Capital City (IKN) has instigated significant polarization of public discourse on YouTube, presenting substantial challenges for sentiment analysis due to the high variability of non-standard linguistic patterns. Existing scholarship, how-ever, has frequently overlooked the bias inherent in accuracy metrics within imbalanced datasets, while also neglecting the critical alignment between feature characteristics and algorithmic geometry. To address these methodological limitations, this study conducts a comparative analysis of TF-IDF, Word2Vec, and FastText feature extraction techniques applied to Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest algorithms, utilizing a dataset of 3441 comments. Empirical results demonstrate that the synergy be-tween SVM and FastText yields the most robust performance, achieving an accuracy of 85.2% and outperforming other model combinations. To mitigate the bias in accuracy metrics due to class imbalance, this study further incorporates Precision, Recall, and F1-Score as additional evaluation metrics, with SVM + FastText achieving a Precision(+) of 89.7%, Recall(+) of 83.2%, and F1(+) of 86.3%. These findings underscore the efficacy of margin maximization on semantic vectors over conventional probabilistic approaches in processing informal text, thereby offering precise insights for policymakers regarding the social legitimacy of the IKN development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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13 pages, 265 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Micro-Manufacturing for Strategic Industrial Growth: A Malaysian Review of Technology, Application and Economic Impact
by Ikhwan Shah Tisadi Tukiat, Hendi Saryanto, Nur Kamilah Yusuf and Sushilawati Ismail
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137021 - 12 Jun 2026
Viewed by 185
Abstract
The global shift towards miniaturization has positioned micro-manufacturing as a pivotal technology for national industrial advancement, particularly for emerging economies like Malaysia and the broader ASEAN region. This review paper comprehensively examines the concept of micro-manufacturing, delineating its distinction from conventional manufacturing processes [...] Read more.
The global shift towards miniaturization has positioned micro-manufacturing as a pivotal technology for national industrial advancement, particularly for emerging economies like Malaysia and the broader ASEAN region. This review paper comprehensively examines the concept of micro-manufacturing, delineating its distinction from conventional manufacturing processes and highlighting its inherent benefits. It delves into the transformative potential of micro-manufacturing across key industries, including electronics and semiconductors, medical devices, aerospace and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), automotive, and optoelectronics and photonics. Drawing upon specific examples, national initiatives, and economic implications, this paper illustrates how the strategic adoption and development of micro-manufacturing capabilities can elevate a nation’s technological prowess, foster high-value local industries, enhance export competitiveness, and create a significant multiplying effect across various sectors, thereby contributing to robust and sustainable economic growth. The discussion also incorporates real-world examples from Malaysia, demonstrating the tangible steps taken towards integrating micro-manufacturing into its national development agenda. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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Proceeding Paper
Integrating Trend Moment Forecasting Method into a Web-Based E-Commerce System for Skincare Business
by Amar Ma’ruf, Ika Safitri Windiarti, Sutami and Setio Ardy Nuswantoro
Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137022 - 18 Jun 2026
Abstract
The skincare business in Southeast Asia is rapidly expanding, requiring SMEs to adopt digital tools that support more accurate and data-driven decision-making. This study presents the integration of the Trend Moment forecasting method into a web-based e-commerce system developed for a skincare SME, [...] Read more.
The skincare business in Southeast Asia is rapidly expanding, requiring SMEs to adopt digital tools that support more accurate and data-driven decision-making. This study presents the integration of the Trend Moment forecasting method into a web-based e-commerce system developed for a skincare SME, Ainah Beautycare. Using 24 months of historical sales data, the system automatically generates short-term demand forecasts to assist inventory planning, stock replenishment, and production scheduling. The model achieved a forecasting accuracy of 9.54% MAPE, demonstrating that simple statistical methods can provide reliable operational insights when embedded directly into digital platforms. By linking transactional data with predictive analytics, the system enables business owners to transition from intuition-based decision-making to structured, data-informed workflows. The proposed solution illustrates a practical, lightweight approach to initiating digital transformation for skincare SMEs, offering scalability toward more advanced analytical capabilities in future developments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 9th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International Conference (MEST 2025))
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