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7 pages, 765 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Influence of Eggshell-Derived CaO on the Energy Changes of Acetylenic and Alkane C–H (sp³) Stretching in B35 Biodiesel

by Subroto, Marwan Effendy, Ngafwan and Pramuko Ilmu Purboputro

Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137001 - 20 May 2026

The addition of calcium oxide (CaO) as an additive to B35 biodiesel enhances molecular modifications through changes in the FAME chemical structure. CaO was dispersed in biodiesel using 48 kHz ultrasonic vibration for 48 hours, inducing an exothermic reaction that generated Ca⁺ [...] Read more.

The addition of calcium oxide (CaO) as an additive to B35 biodiesel enhances molecular modifications through changes in the FAME chemical structure. CaO was dispersed in biodiesel using 48 kHz ultrasonic vibration for 48 hours, inducing an exothermic reaction that generated Ca⁺ and O⁻ ions. These ions primarily affected C–H bonds in CH₃, CH₂, and CH groups, with the strongest impact on CH₃ due to its highest bond energy. This perturbation triggered molecular fragmentation and the formation of acetylenic and sp³ alkane C–H compounds, serving as precursors for new functional groups. The study revealed a potential energy increase of 8.1% for acetylenic C–H chains and 13.2% for sp³ alkane C–H stretching. Full article

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0 pages, 6454 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effect of Fly Ash Fineness in Cement Replacement on the Compressive Behavior and Durability of Normal-Strength High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete

by Mochammad Solikin, Fauzi Mubarak, Indra Rustama, Abdul Rochman, Arruna Rodhi Prasetya and Ibnu Nur Ihsan

Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137002 - 20 May 2026

Abstract

Concrete remains one of the most extensively utilized construction materials for buildings, bridges, and infrastructure. High-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete has emerged as a sustainable choice to conventional mixtures, primarily due to its reduced cement demand and enhanced durability. Nevertheless, systematic investigations on [...] Read more.

Concrete remains one of the most extensively utilized construction materials for buildings, bridges, and infrastructure. High-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete has emerged as a sustainable choice to conventional mixtures, primarily due to its reduced cement demand and enhanced durability. Nevertheless, systematic investigations on the fineness fly ash contributions both for strength growth and durability performance of normal-strength HVFA concrete remain limited. The present study examines the effect of fly ash particle size, employed as a partial cement replacement, on the compressive strength and durability of normal-strength HVFA concrete. In this work, 50% of the cement by weight was substituted with fly ash of two fineness levels: passing sieve No. 200 and sieve No. 400. Twelve specimens were prepared for each mix variation, comprising compressive strength specimens (Ø15 cm × 30 cm) tested at 14, 28, and 56 days, as well as durability specimens assessed using the Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT) at 56 days. The results demonstrate that finer fly ash markedly improves compressive strength, with the highest value of 36.33 MPa recorded at 56 days for HVFA concrete comprising fly ash passing sieve No. 400. Regarding durability, increased fineness substantially reduced chloride ion ingress, as indicated by a decline in charge passed from 1845 coulombs in normal concrete to 987 coulombs in HVFA concrete with fly ash passing sieve No. 400, corresponding to a classification of very low chloride penetrability. These findings highlight the critical contribution of the fineness of fly ash in optimizing both mechanical performance and durability characteristics of HVFA concrete. Full article

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0 pages, 698 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Monitor Redesign Based on the 3R Principles (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) for Environmental Sustainability

by Ida Nursanti, Raihan Arifin, Ratnanto Fitriadi and Dinda Ramadani

Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137003 - 20 May 2026

Abstract

The rapid growth of electronic waste has created an urgent need for more sustainable product design. Current monitor designs often prioritize aesthetics and performance over repairability, reusability, and recyclability, leading to unnecessary material consumption and short product lifespans. This study focuses on redesigning [...] Read more.

The rapid growth of electronic waste has created an urgent need for more sustainable product design. Current monitor designs often prioritize aesthetics and performance over repairability, reusability, and recyclability, leading to unnecessary material consumption and short product lifespans. This study focuses on redesigning a 24-inch monitor using the principles of reduce, reuse, and recycle (3R) to enhance environmental sustainability. The research examines five commercially available monitors. The redesign reduces material complexity, enhances modularity, and increases recyclability. The final concept features a lightweight structure (2.4 kg) made from 90% recycled plastic, magnetic bezel attachments for easy disassembly, and clear resin coding for material recovery. Full article

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0 pages, 700 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design of a Pico Hydro Power Plant with an Archimedes Screw Turbine and a Monitoring System IoT

by Umar, Hasyim Asy’ari, Rojali Rifkal Amri, Rohmad Mucharom and Muhammad Irfan Eriansyah

Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137004 - 20 May 2026

Abstract

The Indonesian government should seriously consider the use of renewable energy, given the natural potential that can still be utilized as an environmentally friendly power source. The utilization of renewable energy can be achieved by harnessing available natural resources. Pico hydro power plants [...] Read more.

The Indonesian government should seriously consider the use of renewable energy, given the natural potential that can still be utilized as an environmentally friendly power source. The utilization of renewable energy can be achieved by harnessing available natural resources. Pico hydro power plants (PLTPHs) can serve as an alternative electricity generator for use in Indonesia due to the existing natural potential. The output from this power plant can be utilized directly or stored in batteries. Directly measuring the generator’s performance on-site is deemed less effective. Therefore, a monitoring system is introduced as a solution to allow remote monitoring and display parameters such as voltage, current, frequency, and power of the generator online. This system is designed to display the micro hydro generator’s output parameter data on the Blynk application. The display on the Blynk application can be monitored via a connected mobile phone. Testing of the monitoring system was carried out by comparing two sets of measurements: one through the PZEM-004T sensor system and the other through a kWh meter (Kilowatt-hour meter). For the AC output from the battery with a 12-watt lamp load (tested 4 times), the reading error values obtained were a voltage reading error of 0.2%, a current reading error of 19.4%, a frequency reading error of 0.67%, and a power reading error of 18.2%. Full article

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0 pages, 2477 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis of the Effect of Varying Flow Rates and Nanofluid–Silica Concentrations on the Behavior of the Heat Transfer Coefficient

by Agus Dwi Anggono, Farid Firmansyah, Nur Aklis, Nurmuntaha Agung Nugraha and Arif Surono

Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137007 - 20 May 2026

Abstract

Determining how flow rate and silica nanoparticle addition affect the heat transfer coefficient is the goal of this study. SEM-EDX testing was carried out to obtain the morphologcal structure of nanosilica and the chemical content of nanosilica. Dispersion of silica nanoparticles (SiO₂ [...] Read more.

Determining how flow rate and silica nanoparticle addition affect the heat transfer coefficient is the goal of this study. SEM-EDX testing was carried out to obtain the morphologcal structure of nanosilica and the chemical content of nanosilica. Dispersion of silica nanoparticles (SiO₂) with concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% in the base fluid of radiator water was carried out using a magnetic stirrer for 1 h. Next, PSA testing was carried out on the silica–water radiator nanofluid to determine the size of the nanosilica particles. Tests were carried out with discharge variations of 2.4, 6 lpm and concentration variations of 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%. The findings indicate that the fluids without the addition of nanoparticles at a discharge of 2 lpm have the lowest heat transfer coefficient at 7.03 W/m²·°C, and the fluids with a 0.3% silica concentration at a discharge of 6 lpm have the highest heat transfer coefficient at 15.61 W/m²·°C. The coefficient of heat transmission increased by 122%. Full article

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0 pages, 1080 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Adsorption Kinetics of N-Doped Carbon Modified with Magnetite for Hexavalent Chromium

by Susanto Susanto, Agus Jalaluddin, Rofiq Hamzah and Mochammad Agung Indra Iswara

Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137008 (registering DOI) - 20 May 2026

Abstract

Chromium six valence (Cr(VI)) is a hazardous heavy metal that tends to bioaccumulate in aquatic species. Adsorption is preferred used in Cr(VI) treatment due to its operational simplicity, low cost, environmental sustainability, and high efficiency. This research aimed to investigate the kinetics of [...] Read more.

Chromium six valence (Cr(VI)) is a hazardous heavy metal that tends to bioaccumulate in aquatic species. Adsorption is preferred used in Cr(VI) treatment due to its operational simplicity, low cost, environmental sustainability, and high efficiency. This research aimed to investigate the kinetics of substantial Cr(VI) adsorption using Magnetite-modified N-doped adsorbent. The research started with the synthesis of adsorbents, proceeded to the test of adsorption under varying contact times, and finished with an analysis of adsorption kinetics. The results indicated that the magnetite-modified N-doped adsorbent successfully adsorbed Cr(VI) at a rate of 0.1336

{m i n}^{- 1}

, with an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 158.73 mg/g. The kinetics of this adsorption follows to a pseudo second-order model. Full article

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0 pages, 902 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Addition of Al₂O₃ Fine to Aluminum–Alumina Composite by Stir Casting Manufacture

by Sri Mulyo Bondan Respati, Nur Kholis and Ja’far Sodiq

Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137009 - 20 May 2026

Abstract

Aluminum waste is one of the oldest wastes to be decomposed and can be processed again. Processing of aluminum waste can be done using casting, but re-casting results in reduced aluminum strength. How to strengthen aluminum by making composites is of interest. Composites [...] Read more.

Aluminum waste is one of the oldest wastes to be decomposed and can be processed again. Processing of aluminum waste can be done using casting, but re-casting results in reduced aluminum strength. How to strengthen aluminum by making composites is of interest. Composites with aluminum waste base material can be reinforced with alumina. This research makes aluminum composites with the addition of alumina powder variations at 0; 15; 20; and 25%. The manufacturing uses stir casting at 500 rpm for 5 min and a pouring temperature of 750 °C. The casting results were photographed for tensile test specimens. The results of the macrostructure show the largest open porosity with the addition of 20% alumina. Meanwhile the results of tensile testing show that material without reinforcement has an average value of tensile strength of 182.33 MPa. Full article

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8 pages, 1058 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optimizing the Thickness Configuration of Bilayer Alumina-Aluminum Armors

by Tri Widodo Besar Riyadi, Bagus Yulian Nugroho, Akida Mulyaningtyas, Haryanto and Desi Gustiani

Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137011 (registering DOI) - 21 May 2026

Abstract

The ballistic performance of the armor against the projectile impact is affected by the armor configuration. This work investigates the ballistic performance of alumina-aluminum armor impacted by a 20 mm armor-piercing projectile using simulation. A semi-analytical model was used to predict the residual [...] Read more.

The ballistic performance of the armor against the projectile impact is affected by the armor configuration. This work investigates the ballistic performance of alumina-aluminum armor impacted by a 20 mm armor-piercing projectile using simulation. A semi-analytical model was used to predict the residual projectile velocity and ballistic limit velocity for various panel configurations. The results show that increasing the alumina thickness in conjunction with decreasing the aluminum thickness can reduce the panel’s total thickness by 2.5–10% and areal density by 1.1–4.6%, without sacrificing the panel’s ballistic performance. This study assists engineers in determining ways to enhance the structural integrity of an armored vehicle. Full article

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12 pages, 20513 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Prediction of Potential Product Defects in the High-Pressure ADC12 Casting Process Using Program Simulation

by Indra Widarmadi, Agus Dwi Anggono and Agus Yulianto

Eng. Proc. 2026, 137(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026137012 (registering DOI) - 21 May 2026

Abstract

High-pressure casting technology is continuously evolving to achieve improved product quality. In the casting process using ADC12 alloy, defects such as porosity, shrinkage, cold shut, and others are frequently observed and may arise due to the complex interplay of heat and mass transfer, [...] Read more.

High-pressure casting technology is continuously evolving to achieve improved product quality. In the casting process using ADC12 alloy, defects such as porosity, shrinkage, cold shut, and others are frequently observed and may arise due to the complex interplay of heat and mass transfer, thermodynamic principles, and fluid flow rates. These types of defects can be predicted through computational simulation. By analyzing the simulation results of a given component, engineers can utilize them as a reference for establishing machine parameters. This approach enables the early identification of potential defects, allowing for the optimization of the relevant parameters. The integration of casting machines with process simulation thus serves as a complementary strategy for producing high-quality castings that meet customer requirements. Full article

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