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NeuroSci, Volume 6, Issue 4 (December 2025) – 14 articles

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20 pages, 3801 KB  
Article
Frontal Regions and Executive Function Testing: A Doubted Association Shown by Brain-Injured Patients
by Demis Basso, Ida Bosio, Vincenza Tarantino and Francesco Carabba
NeuroSci 2025, 6(4), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6040105 - 14 Oct 2025
Viewed by 41
Abstract
Since its introduction, the construct of executive functions (EFs) has been associated with a set of tests to assess these functions and a brain network centered in the associative frontal brain regions. While the majority of perspectives have endorsed these associations, some studies [...] Read more.
Since its introduction, the construct of executive functions (EFs) has been associated with a set of tests to assess these functions and a brain network centered in the associative frontal brain regions. While the majority of perspectives have endorsed these associations, some studies have started casting doubts on them. In this article, the association between the construct of EFs, the tests used to assess them, and the involvement of frontal regions is examined. A sample of 28 patients with brain injuries was divided into three subgroups according to the region of the injury (anterior, posterior, antero-posterior). Patients were assessed with a battery of tests, including 25 measures of EFs and 6 control measures. A series of regression models revealed no significant differences in performance across the three groups. Findings indicate that the EF tests are not specific enough to differentiate EFs and brain injuries. The alleged reference of EFs to the frontal areas of the brain should attribute a higher role to other associative areas. The present study provides recommendations about how the EFs concept could be improved through methodological refinements and/or its dissemination. Full article
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16 pages, 1574 KB  
Article
Enhancing Neural Efficiency in Competitive Golfers: Effects of Slow Cortical Potential Neurofeedback on Modulation of Beta Activity—An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial
by Eugenio Lizama, Luciana Lorenzon, Carolina Pereira and Miguel A. Serrano
NeuroSci 2025, 6(4), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6040104 - 14 Oct 2025
Viewed by 63
Abstract
Background: Neural efficiency theory proposes that expert athletes optimize brain resource allocation and functioning. Beta band oscillations are associated with attention, motor preparation, and emotional control, reflecting adaptive patterns of reduced cortical energy expenditure (absolute power) and greater temporal precision (peak frequency). Slow [...] Read more.
Background: Neural efficiency theory proposes that expert athletes optimize brain resource allocation and functioning. Beta band oscillations are associated with attention, motor preparation, and emotional control, reflecting adaptive patterns of reduced cortical energy expenditure (absolute power) and greater temporal precision (peak frequency). Slow cortical potential (SCP) neurofeedback has emerged as a method to train voluntary cortical regulation, yet its application in sports—particularly in precision-demanding disciplines such as golf—remains underexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SCP neurofeedback on beta band activity in competitive golfers. Methods: Forty-two golfers were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 21), which completed 16 SCP neurofeedback sessions (2560 trials), or a control group (n = 21). SCP activity was measured during activation and deactivation trials, while EEG beta oscillations were analyzed in terms of peak frequency and absolute power at C3, O2, F8, and T5. These sites were chosen for their relevance to golf: C3 (motor execution), O2 (visual processing), F8 (inhibitory and emotional control), and T5 (visuospatial integration). Results: The intervention group showed significant increases in positive SCP trials, reflecting improved voluntary cortical inhibition. Peak frequency increased in Beta 1 (C3) and Beta 2 (O2), while absolute power decreased at F8 and T5, which seems to indicate a reduced cortical overload and enhanced visuospatial integration. Conclusions: SCP neurofeedback modulated beta activity in golfers, enhancing neural efficiency and supporting its potential as an innovative tool to optimize performance in precision sports. Full article
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21 pages, 1796 KB  
Systematic Review
Effects of Telerehabilitation Platforms on Quality of Life in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
by Alejandro Herrera-Rojas, Andrés Moreno-Molina, Elena García-García, Naiara Molina-Rodríguez and Roberto Cano-de-la-Cuerda
NeuroSci 2025, 6(4), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6040103 - 13 Oct 2025
Viewed by 196
Abstract
Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that entails high costs, progressive disability, and reduced quality of life (QoL). Telerehabilitation (TR), supported by new technologies, is emerging as an alternative or complement to in-person rehabilitation, potentially lowering socioeconomic impact and improving [...] Read more.
Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that entails high costs, progressive disability, and reduced quality of life (QoL). Telerehabilitation (TR), supported by new technologies, is emerging as an alternative or complement to in-person rehabilitation, potentially lowering socioeconomic impact and improving QoL. Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of TR on the QoL of people with MS compared with in-person rehabilitation or no intervention. Materials and methods: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials was conducted (March–May 2025) following PRISMA guidelines. Searches were run in the PubMed-Medline, EMBASE, PEDro, Web of Science, and Dialnet databases. Methodological quality was assessed with the CASP scale, risk of bias with the Risk of Bias 2 tool, and evidence level and grade of recommendation with the Oxford Classification. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251110353). Results: Of the 151 articles initially found, 12 RCTs (598 total patients) met the inclusion criteria. Interventions included (a) four studies employing video-controlled exercise (one involving Pilates to improve fitness, another involving exercise to improve fatigue and general health, and two using exercises focused on the pelvic floor muscles); (b) three studies using a monitoring app to improve manual dexterity, symptom control, and increased physical activity; (c) two studies implementing an augmented reality system to treat cognitive deficits and sexual disorders, respectively; (d) one platform with a virtual reality headset for motor and cognitive training; (e) one study focusing on video-controlled motor imagery, along with the use of a pain management app; (f) a final study addressing cognitive training and pain reduction. Studies used eight different scales to assess QoL, finding similar improvements between groups in eight of the trials and statistically significant improvements in favor of TR in four. The included trials were of good methodological quality, with a moderate-to-low risk of bias and good levels of evidence and grades of recommendation. Conclusions: TR was more effective in improving the QoL of people with MS than no intervention, was as effective as in-person treatment in patients with EDSS ≤ 6, and appeared to be more effective than in-person intervention in patients with EDSS between 5.5 and 7.5 in terms of QoL. It may also eliminate some common barriers to accessing such treatments. Full article
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3 pages, 186 KB  
Editorial
NMDA Receptor: An Old but Refreshed Target for Neurodegeneration
by Joana M. Marques and Ricardo J. Rodrigues
NeuroSci 2025, 6(4), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6040102 - 8 Oct 2025
Viewed by 193
Abstract
Different neurodegenerative diseases display varying etiologies and phenotypes, reflecting region-specific neurodegeneration [...] Full article
14 pages, 1580 KB  
Technical Note
Mitigating Head Position Bias in Perivascular Fluid Imaging: LD-ALPS, a Novel Method for DTI-ALPS Calculation
by Ford Burles, Emily Sallis, Daniel C. Kopala-Sibley and Giuseppe Iaria
NeuroSci 2025, 6(4), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6040101 - 7 Oct 2025
Viewed by 385
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The glymphatic system is a recently characterized glial-dependent waste clearance pathway in the brain, which makes use of perivascular spaces for cerebrospinal fluid exchange. Diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) offers a non-invasive method for estimating perivascular flow, but [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The glymphatic system is a recently characterized glial-dependent waste clearance pathway in the brain, which makes use of perivascular spaces for cerebrospinal fluid exchange. Diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) offers a non-invasive method for estimating perivascular flow, but its biological specificity and susceptibility to methodological variation, particularly head position during MRI acquisition, remain as threats to the validity of this technique. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of current DTI-ALPS practices, evaluate the impact of head orientation on ALPS index calculation, and propose a novel computational approach to improve measurement validity. Methods: We briefly reviewed DTI-ALPS literature to determine the use of head-orientation correction strategies. We then analyzed diffusion MRI data from 172 participants in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) to quantify the influence of head orientation on ALPS indices computed using the conventional Unrotated-ALPS, a vecrec-corrected ALPS, and the new LD-ALPS method proposed within. Results: A majority of studies employed Unrotated-ALPS, which does not correct for head orientation. In our sample, Unrotated-ALPS values were significantly associated with absolute head pitch (r169 = −0.513, p < 0.001), indicating systematic bias. This relationship was eliminated using either vecreg or LD-ALPS. Additionally, LD-ALPS showed more sensitivity to cognitive status as measured by Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Conclusions: Correcting for head orientation is essential in DTI-ALPS studies. The LD-ALPS method, while computationally more demanding, improves the reliability and sensitivity of perivascular fluid estimates, supporting its use in future research on aging and neurodegeneration. Full article
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12 pages, 533 KB  
Article
Clinical Validation of the SECONDs Tool for Evaluating Disorders of Consciousness in Argentina
by María Julieta Russo, María de la Paz Sampayo, Paula Arias, Vanina García, Yanina Gambero, Mariano Maiarú, Florencia Deschle and Hernán Pavón
NeuroSci 2025, 6(4), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6040100 - 7 Oct 2025
Viewed by 231
Abstract
Background: The Coma Recovery Scale–Revised (CRS-R) is the gold standard for diagnosing chronic disorders of consciousness (DoC); however, its clinical utility is limited by lengthy administration and the need for specialized training. The Simplified Evaluation of Disorders of Consciousness (SECONDs) provides a faster [...] Read more.
Background: The Coma Recovery Scale–Revised (CRS-R) is the gold standard for diagnosing chronic disorders of consciousness (DoC); however, its clinical utility is limited by lengthy administration and the need for specialized training. The Simplified Evaluation of Disorders of Consciousness (SECONDs) provides a faster and more user-friendly alternative. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Argentine adaptation of the SECONDs scale in adults with chronic DoC due to acquired brain injury. Methods: Twenty-nine patients were evaluated over two consecutive days by three blinded raters. On day one, rater A administered the SECONDs (A1) and rater B administered the CRS-R (B) to assess concurrent validity. On day two, rater A repeated the SECONDs (A2), and rater C performed an additional SECONDs assessment (C), permitting evaluation of intra-rater (A1 vs. A2) and inter-rater (A vs. C) reliability. Results: The SECONDs demonstrated excellent intra-rater (ICC = 0.98) and inter-rater (ICC = 0.86) reliability. Concurrent validity with the CRS-R was strong (r = 0.73, p < 0.001). Diagnostic agreement was high between A1 and B (κ = 0.75) and between both A1-A2 and A1-C (κ = 0.82). The median administration time was significantly shorter for the SECONDs (10 vs. 15 min; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The Argentine SECONDs is a valid, reliable, and efficient tool for the clinical assessment of DoC patients in rehabilitation settings. Full article
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28 pages, 872 KB  
Review
The Pathobiological Underpinnings of Psychosis: From the Stress-Related Hypothesis to a Multisystemic Approach
by Evangelos Karanikas
NeuroSci 2025, 6(4), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6040099 - 3 Oct 2025
Viewed by 440
Abstract
Until recently, research on the pathobiological substrate of psychosis has been focused on neurotransmitter perturbations. However, this scope has expanded to include new fields, such as the immune/redox/metabolic/neuroendocrine/stress systems. Indeed, basic research in the stress field showed that the systems above can represent [...] Read more.
Until recently, research on the pathobiological substrate of psychosis has been focused on neurotransmitter perturbations. However, this scope has expanded to include new fields, such as the immune/redox/metabolic/neuroendocrine/stress systems. Indeed, basic research in the stress field showed that the systems above can represent components of a general inflammatory process as tightly interconnected as a Gordian knot. Based on the inflammatory hypothesis concerning the psychosis etiopathology, the findings from psychotic cohort studies on each one of the immune/redox/metabolic/neuroendocrine/stress systems have started to accumulate. The evidence favors the involvement of these systems in the formation of the pathobiological psychotic substrate, yet little is known concerning their interplay. This review attempts to establish a frame of reference for the evidence concerning intersystemic interactions, starting with the basic research on the stress field and expanding to clinical studies with psychosis cohorts, hoping to instigate new avenues of research. Full article
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7 pages, 340 KB  
Brief Report
Could Combined Action Observation and Motor Imagery Practice, Added to Standard Rehabilitation, Improve Study Upper Limb Functional Recovery in Chronic Stroke Patients? Suggestive Evidence from a Feasability Study
by Andrea Peru, Maria Teresa Turano, Barbara Vallotti, Federico Mayer, Costanza Panunzi, Valentina Tosti and Maria Pia Viggiano
NeuroSci 2025, 6(4), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6040098 - 3 Oct 2025
Viewed by 313
Abstract
This study aims to investigate whether a combined action observation–motor imagery practice may enhance the effects of conventional physical rehabilitation in a stroke survivor population. A total of 8 (7 male, 1 female) post-stroke patients with upper limb hemiparesis were enrolled into a [...] Read more.
This study aims to investigate whether a combined action observation–motor imagery practice may enhance the effects of conventional physical rehabilitation in a stroke survivor population. A total of 8 (7 male, 1 female) post-stroke patients with upper limb hemiparesis were enrolled into a single-blinded, randomised, study. Five times per week for three weeks, four patients experienced 60’ conventional physical therapy, while the other 4 experienced 30’ conventional physical therapy and 30’ action observation–motor imagery practice. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity and the Wolf Motor Function Test scores from the baseline and post-physiotherapy were used to evaluate upper extremity motor function. Patients who received the AO + MI alongside conventional physical rehabilitation benefitted more than those who received only conventional physical rehabilitation. However, the sample size was very small (only eight participants), which reduces both the statistical power and the ability to generalise the results. Moreover, there was no follow-up; therefore, it is unclear whether the observed improvements lasted over time. Finally, some potentially confounding factors, such as stroke type or lesion site, were not statistically controlled. Notwithstanding these limitations, our findings may serve as a basis for future large-scale, well-controlled studies on AO + MI in stroke rehabilitation. Full article
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17 pages, 980 KB  
Systematic Review
Potential Genetic Intersections Between ADHD and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review
by Riccardo Borgonovo, Lisa M. Nespoli, Martino Ceroni, Lisa M. Arnaud, Lucia Morellini, Marianna Lissi and Leonardo Sacco
NeuroSci 2025, 6(4), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6040097 (registering DOI) - 1 Oct 2025
Viewed by 425
Abstract
Background: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are distinct neurological conditions that may share genetic and molecular underpinnings. ADHD, a neurodevelopmental disorder, affects approximately 5% of children and 3% of adults globally, while AD, a neurodegenerative disorder, is the leading cause of [...] Read more.
Background: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are distinct neurological conditions that may share genetic and molecular underpinnings. ADHD, a neurodevelopmental disorder, affects approximately 5% of children and 3% of adults globally, while AD, a neurodegenerative disorder, is the leading cause of dementia in older adults. Emerging evidence suggests potential overlapping contributors, including pathways related to synaptic plasticity, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Methods: this systematic review investigated potential genetic predispositions linking Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Following PRISMA guidelines, a search was conducted in Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed using keywords related to ADHD, AD, and genetic factors. Studies included were original human studies utilizing genetic analyses and ADHD polygenic risk scores (PRS), with AD confirmed using established diagnostic criteria. Exclusion criteria comprised non-original studies, animal research, and articles not addressing genetic links between ADHD and AD. Screening was conducted with Rayyan software (version 1.4.3), assessing relevance based on titles, abstracts, and full texts. Results:. The search identified 1450 records, of which 1092 were screened after duplicates were removed. Following exclusions, two studies met inclusion criteria. One study analyzed ADHD-PRS in 212 cognitively unimpaired older adults using amyloid-beta (Aβ) PET imaging and tau biomarkers. The findings revealed that ADHD-PRS was associated with progressive cognitive decline, increased tau pathology, and frontoparietal atrophy in Aβ-positive individuals, suggesting that ADHD genetic liability may exacerbate AD pathology. Another study assessed ADHD-PRS in a cohort of 10,645 Swedish twins, examining its association with 16 somatic conditions. The results showed modest risk increases for cardiometabolic, autoimmune, and neurological conditions, with mediation effects through BMI, education, tobacco use, and alcohol misuse, but no direct link between ADHD-PRS and dementia. Discussion and conclusions: this review highlights preliminary but conflicting evidence for a genetic intersection between ADHD and AD. One study suggests that ADHD genetic liability may exacerbate AD-related pathology in Aβ-positive individuals, whereas another large registry-based study finds no direct link to dementia, with associations largely mediated by lifestyle factors. The potential ADHD–AD relationship is likely complex and context-dependent, influenced by biomarker status and environmental confounders. Longitudinal studies integrating genetics, biomarkers, and detailed lifestyle data are needed to clarify this relationship. Full article
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16 pages, 694 KB  
Review
Necessary Harmony Between Anesthesia and Neurosurgery During Extracranial–Intracranial Bypass: A Review of Neuroanesthesia Strategies and Perioperative Insights
by Vincent Bargnes III, Wesam Andraous, Nicholas Bitonti, Zhaosheng Jin and Sofia Geralemou
NeuroSci 2025, 6(4), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6040096 - 1 Oct 2025
Viewed by 486
Abstract
The extracranial–intracranial (EC–IC) bypass is a complex neurosurgical procedure performed for cerebral flow augmentation or flow replacement. Anesthetic management of these patients poses significant challenges due to the delicate balance required to maintain cerebral perfusion, often complicated by extensive cardiovascular comorbidities. Despite the [...] Read more.
The extracranial–intracranial (EC–IC) bypass is a complex neurosurgical procedure performed for cerebral flow augmentation or flow replacement. Anesthetic management of these patients poses significant challenges due to the delicate balance required to maintain cerebral perfusion, often complicated by extensive cardiovascular comorbidities. Despite the complexity of these cases, current literature offers limited guidance on optimal anesthetic strategies. At our high-volume academic institution, we developed a standardized multimodal anesthetic protocol aimed at achieving intraoperative hemodynamic stability and facilitating timely postoperative emergence. A dedicated team of neuroanesthesiologists manages these cases in constant communication with the surgical team, ensuring real-time adjustments aligned with surgical needs and patient physiology. Our experience highlights the importance of individualized anesthetic planning and interdisciplinary coordination. Given the scarcity of published data and the specialized nature of EC–IC bypass procedures, we believe our institutional approach may serve as a useful reference for other centers, particularly those with limited exposure to this complex patient population, and lay the foundation for future prospective trials on optimal anesthetic care for this patient population. Full article
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18 pages, 13081 KB  
Article
Multidisciplinary Management of an Atypical Gigantic Sciatic Nerve Schwannoma: Case Presentation and Systematic Review
by Octavian-Mihai Sirbu, Mihai-Stelian Moreanu, Mark-Edward Pogarasteanu, Andreea Plesa, Mihaela Iordache, Teofil Mures, Anca Maria Sirbu, Marius Moga and Marian Mitrica
NeuroSci 2025, 6(4), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6040095 - 28 Sep 2025
Viewed by 292
Abstract
Background: Sciatic nerve schwannomas are rare benign tumors that can develop along the nerve’s course, from the pelvis to the thigh. Giant schwannomas, defined as those exceeding 5 cm, are particularly rare and may alter the tumor’s anatomical relationship with the nerve, impacting [...] Read more.
Background: Sciatic nerve schwannomas are rare benign tumors that can develop along the nerve’s course, from the pelvis to the thigh. Giant schwannomas, defined as those exceeding 5 cm, are particularly rare and may alter the tumor’s anatomical relationship with the nerve, impacting surgical strategy. Methods: A PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review was conducted using the terms (“sciatic” AND “schwannoma”) for publications from 2000 to October 2024. Of 166 identified articles, we excluded those lacking giant schwannoma cases or involving syndromic associations. We also report a novel case from our center. Results: Our patient, a 35-year-old woman, presented with tingling and discomfort while sitting, localized to the left thigh, without radicular pain or motor deficits. MRI revealed a 14 × 7 cm mass. This is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of a giant solitary sciatic schwannoma of these dimensions located exclusively in the thigh, resected via intracapsular dissection with nerve monitoring, that was fully documented and reported. The review yielded 22 relevant articles, most involving pelvic or pelvic–thigh junction locations, with low recurrence rates. Conclusions: Giant sciatic schwannomas may be asymptomatic and slow-growing. This case is notable for tumor’s location, large size, and successful nerve-sparing surgical outcome. Full article
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16 pages, 1865 KB  
Article
Correlations of Tinel and Phalen Signs with Nerve Conduction Study Test Results in a Randomly Chosen Population of Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
by Katarzyna Kaczmarek, Jędrzej Pepliński, Anna Kaczmarek, Dariusz Andrzejuk, Kacper Andruszkiewicz, Alicja Wysocka, Matylda Witkowska and Juliusz Huber
NeuroSci 2025, 6(4), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6040094 - 28 Sep 2025
Viewed by 344
Abstract
Background: The consequences of median nerve compression at the carpal tunnel level require a precise diagnostic evaluation before a frequently applied surgical intervention. Positive Tinel or Phalen signs are not always related to abnormal results in electroneurographic examinations of sensory and motor nerve [...] Read more.
Background: The consequences of median nerve compression at the carpal tunnel level require a precise diagnostic evaluation before a frequently applied surgical intervention. Positive Tinel or Phalen signs are not always related to abnormal results in electroneurographic examinations of sensory and motor nerve fibers, which are intended to confirm final diagnoses, thereby confusing both surgeons and neurophysiologists. In the face of contradictory data, this study aims to reinvestigate these correlations in a randomly chosen population of patients with a primary diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: Seventy-five randomly chosen patients with clinically detected CTS underwent neurophysiological studies of median nerve sensory (SNAP) and motor (CMAP) fibers conduction at the wrist. Both the median and ulnar nerves were assessed to reduce the risk of misinterpretation related to anatomical variations. Results: This study provides evidence on the relatively high utility of Phalen’s test in the early clinical detection of CTS within a general population of patients, whose positive results moderately correlate (rho = −0.327) with abnormalities in amplitudes rather than the distal latency parameters of SNAP recordings. The axonal injury type is more distinct than slowing-down impulses at the wrist following compression of the sensory nerve fibers in the early course of CTS. Positive Tinel’s test results are useful in diagnosing CTS patients with advanced axonal and demyelinating changes in the motor fibers at the wrist, which weakly correlate with prolonged latency and decreased amplitude in SNAP recordings (rho = −0.214 and rho = −0.235, respectively), but not with abnormalities in recordings of both amplitudes and latencies in CMAP electroneurography. Conclusions: The correlations between clinical signs and neurophysiological findings in CTS indicate that provocative tests, such as Phalen’s and Tinel’s, have limited diagnostic value, demonstrating only weak-to-moderate associations with neural conduction parameters. A positive Tinel’s sign should be regarded mainly as a marker of severe or chronic sensory impairment, often accompanied by motor fibers involvement in advanced pathological stages, rather than as an indicator of motor damage alone. Nerve conduction studies remain essential for confirming CTS, assessing its severity, and guiding treatment decisions, including surgical qualification. The presented correlation of clinical and functional neurophysiological results in CTS diagnosis allows us not only to specify the source and severity of the pathology of the median nerve fibers but also may influence the personalization of physiotherapeutic and surgical treatments. Full article
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9 pages, 328 KB  
Review
Exploring the Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Managing Anxiety in People with Parkinson’s Disease
by Khaoula Elcadi, Raymond Klevor, Nissrine Louhab, Najib Kissani and Mohamed Chraa
NeuroSci 2025, 6(4), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6040093 - 25 Sep 2025
Viewed by 333
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson’s disease frequently suffer from complicated anxiety disorders that are entwined with their attitudes and behaviors. In regard to this population, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been attracting an increasing amount of attention as a potentially effective treatment for mental health [...] Read more.
Patients with Parkinson’s disease frequently suffer from complicated anxiety disorders that are entwined with their attitudes and behaviors. In regard to this population, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been attracting an increasing amount of attention as a potentially effective treatment for mental health issues like anxiety. CBT helps patients manage stress and improve their psychological well being through behavioral, relaxation, and cognitive techniques. Even though there is already evidence that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can dramatically reduce psychological symptoms in Parkinson’s patients, more thorough research is required to determine its exact role in comprehensive anxiety treatment and prove its long-term efficacy. The purpose of this study is to examine the body of research on the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to treat anxiety in patients with Parkinson’s disease, looking at its limitations and challenges as well as clinical characteristics, advantages, and possible behavioral and psychological impacts. Full article
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13 pages, 619 KB  
Article
The Effect of Mucuna pruriens on Depression-like Behavior Induced by a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats Is Associated with a Decrease in Brain Nitrite and Nitrate Levels
by Alfonso Mata-Bermudez, Ricardo Trejo-Chávez, Marina Martínez-Vargas, Adán Pérez-Arredondo, Araceli Diaz-Ruiz, Camilo Rios, Héctor Alonso Romero-Sánchez, María de los Ángeles Martínez-Cárdenas, Perla Ugalde-Muñiz, Roxana Noriega-Navarro and Luz Navarro
NeuroSci 2025, 6(4), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6040092 - 24 Sep 2025
Viewed by 479
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), even when mild, has been associated with the presence of depression. Depression is a mood disorder characterized by persistent negative thoughts and sadness and is challenging to treat due to the multiple mechanisms involved in its pathophysiology, including increased [...] Read more.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), even when mild, has been associated with the presence of depression. Depression is a mood disorder characterized by persistent negative thoughts and sadness and is challenging to treat due to the multiple mechanisms involved in its pathophysiology, including increased nitric oxide (NO) levels. There are no completely safe and effective pharmacological strategies to treat this disorder. Mucuna pruriens (MP) has been shown to possess neuroprotective properties by regulating inflammatory responses and nitric oxide synthase activity. In this study, we evaluated the antidepressant-like effect of MP in male Wistar rats with induced mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). MP extract (50 mg/kg i.p.) was administered immediately after mTBI and every 24 h for five days. We used the rats’ preference for sucrose consumption to assess the presence of depression-like behavior and analyzed the nitrite and nitrate levels in their cerebral cortex, striatum, midbrain, and nucleus accumbens. Untreated animals with mTBI showed a reduced preference for sucrose than those treated with MP, whose preference for sucrose was similar to that of sham animals. Increased nitrite and nitrate levels were observed in different brain regions in the TBI subjects; however, this increase was not observed in MP-treated animals. MP reduces behavior associated with depression and the brain NO levels in rats with mTBI. Full article
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