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Endocrines, Volume 3, Issue 2

June 2022 - 14 articles

Cover Story: The excessive action of FGF23 underlies various hypophosphatemic diseases. In hereditary hypophosphatemia, such as X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH), autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR), autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets 1 (ARHR1), and Raine syndrome (RNS), excessive amounts of FGF23 are produced from osteocytes with mutations. In tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO), the responsible tumor cells overproduce FGF23. In both cases, FGF23 binds to FGF receptors (FGFRs) and aKlotho to suppress the renal expression of Na+/Pi cotransporters NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc, which increases urinary Pi excretion and causes hypophosphatemia. Moreover, FGF23 decreases the production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) via the suppression of vitamin D-1a-hydroxylase (1aOHase) and the induction of vitamin D-24-hydroxylase (24OHase), which reduces the intestinal absorption of Pi. View this paper
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Articles (14)

  • Review
  • Open Access
8 Citations
12,925 Views
18 Pages

10 June 2022

Endometriosis is a benign, hormone-responsive chronic disease that affects women of reproductive age; long-term treatment to balance satisfactory tolerability with clinical efficacy is necessary for these patients. The first-line therapy for endometr...

  • Review
  • Open Access
4 Citations
11,605 Views
20 Pages

A Review of Prader–Willi Syndrome

  • Stephen Szabadi,
  • Zachary Sila,
  • John Dewey,
  • Dustin Rowland,
  • Madhuri Penugonda and
  • Berrin Ergun-Longmire

7 June 2022

Prader–Willi Syndrome (PWS, OMIM #176270) is a rare complex genetic disorder due to the loss of expression of paternally derived genes in the PWS critical region on chromosome 15q11-q13. It affects multiple neuroendocrine systems and may presen...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
9,141 Views
12 Pages

Review on the Transgender Literature: Where Are We Now and a Step beyond the Current Practice?

  • Dilini Abeyratne,
  • Gowri Malka Ratnayake,
  • Udai Akalanka Wijetunga,
  • Umesha Wijenayake and
  • Uditha Sirimevan Bulugahapitiya

2 June 2022

The transgender concept is described as a clinically significant distress due to the incongruity between the experienced gender and assigned gender. A transgender person carries a gender identity that is different from their assigned sex at birth. Tr...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
8 Citations
7,313 Views
14 Pages

2 June 2022

Since phosphate is indispensable for skeletal mineralization, chronic hypophosphatemia causes rickets and osteomalacia. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which is mainly produced by osteocytes in bone, functions as the central regulator of phospha...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,152 Views
7 Pages

Familial Diabetes in Obese PCOS Predisposes Individuals to Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Resistance (IR) Also for Reduced Hepatic Insulin Extraction (HIE)

  • Alessandro D. Genazzani,
  • Christian Battipaglia,
  • Elisa Semprini,
  • Melania Arnesano,
  • Fedora Ambrosetti,
  • Alessandra Sponzilli,
  • Veronica Tomatis and
  • Tabatha Petrillo

20 May 2022

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent reproductive disease characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo /anovulation, and polycystic aspects at ultrasound. In these last years, a body of evidence disclosed the frequent occurrence in...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,088 Views
41 Pages

Overview of Nutraceuticals and Cardiometabolic Diseases following Socio-Economic Analysis

  • Giacomo Matteo Bruno,
  • Federico Dovera,
  • Antonio Ciccarone and
  • Giorgio Lorenzo Colombo

18 May 2022

The importance of functional food and nutraceutical products to deal with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has gained attention in the past few years. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the potential and eff...

  • Review
  • Open Access
4 Citations
20,147 Views
15 Pages

Turner Syndrome

  • Ethel Gonzales Clemente,
  • Sasi Kiran Penukonda,
  • Tam Doan,
  • Brittany Sullivan and
  • Shibani Kanungo

13 May 2022

Turner syndrome (TS) affects approximately 1 out of every 1500–2500 live female births, with clinical features including short stature, premature ovarian failure, dysmorphic features and other endocrine, skeletal, cardiovascular, renal, gastroi...

  • Project Report
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,916 Views
15 Pages

11 May 2022

Diagnosing thyroid carcinoma is not always easy on basic haemtoxylin and eosin staining since nuclear features are inconsistent and controversial. In view of this, studies on the role of immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of malignant thyro...

  • Editorial
  • Open Access
3,162 Views
2 Pages

Endometriosis is one of the most common diseases in women of reproductive age, and although there are many theories to explain this enigmatic disease, such as reflux theory, metastasis theory, and metaplasia theory, there is still no single theory th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,884 Views
9 Pages

The Behavior of Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose and Glycemic Control in Taiwanese Population

  • Ching Lu,
  • Chin-Hsiao Tseng,
  • Karen Chia-Wen Liao,
  • Hong-Jyh Yang,
  • Pei-Yu Chen and
  • Ming-Der Perng

Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is common in patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to explore how frequency/behavior of SMBG affect glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. This cross-sectional study was conducted at a re...

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Endocrines - ISSN 2673-396X