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31 December 2025

Essential, Non-Essential, and Toxic Elements in the Muscle of Meagre (Argyrosomus regius) from the Tagus Estuary (Portugal)

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1
MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
2
LAQV REQUIMTE (Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry at Chemistry and Technology Network), Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
3
MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Institute for Research and Advanced Training (IIFA), Faculty of Sciences, Lisbon University, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
4
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lisbon University, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal

Abstract

Monitoring trace metals in commercially important fish species provides an early warning of anthropogenic contamination and potential risk to consumers. This study semi-quantified and quantified essential, non-essential, and toxic elements in the muscle of wild meagre (Argyrosomus regius) captured in the Tagus estuary (Portugal), which is used as a nursery and spawning aggregation area. Dry muscle was microwave-digested and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma –optical emission spectroscopy. Semi-quantified screening detected Al, B, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, S, Si, Sr, and Ti, and eight elements were determined using multielement calibration (As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Se, and Zn); Cd, Pb (toxic elements), Co, and Mo were not detected in this study. Arsenic was detected in all individuals, with a minimum value of 0.348 mg/kg wet weight. A mercury level above the European Commission regulatory limit (0.5 mg/kg wet weight) was only detected in one individual, corresponding to 2% of the samples. Although other metals remain well below regulatory limits, continued biomonitoring is recommended to track temporal trends and safeguard seafood safety in transitional coastal systems, which is important for commercially relevant fish species.

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