The Effect of Extrinsic Staining on 3D Printed Provisional Crowns
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Designing and Printing
2.2. Specimen Grouping and Solution Selection
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations of the Study and Future Direction
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Staining Solution | Manufacturer |
---|---|
Artificial Saliva | Artificial Saliva, Biochemazone, Chemazone INC, Canada |
Carrot Juice | Bolthouse Farms, Bakersfield, California |
Red Wine | Cabernet Sauvignon, Bota Box Vineyards, Mentaca, California |
Black Tea | Pure Leaf Iced Tea, PespsiCo, Purchase, New York |
MEAN ΔE (SD) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day 1 | Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | |||||
Solution | P | UP | P | UP | P | UP | P | UP |
Artificial Saliva | 1.65 (0.52) | 2.32 (0.86) | 2.34 (1.04) | 2.39 (1.40) | 2.09 (0.59) | 2.98 (1.84) | 2.47 (1.82) | 3.65 (1.63) |
Carrot Juice | 2.52 (0.91) | 5.20 (2.77) | 2.48 (0.96) | 4.56 (3.28) | 2.35 (0.62) | 3.28 (2.92) | 2.02 (0.49) * | 7.10 (5.18) * |
Red Wine | 3.63 (1.27) | 5.80 (2.03) | 9.82 (2.20) * | 15.77 (1.88) * | 10.56 (1.89) * | 18.97 (1.52) * | 10.56 (1.82) * | 19.94 (3.75) * |
Black Tea | 1.60 (0.60) | 3.16 (1.79) | 2.60 (1.08) | 2.35 (0.76) | 2.57 (0.34) | 2.31 (0.65) | 3.26 (0.66) | 3.60 (0.86) |
Tukey’s Test, Unpolished Red Wine vs: | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
ANOVA | Artificial Saliva | Carrot Juice | Black Tea | |
Day 1 | 0.0421 | 0.0593 (NS) | 0.9623 (NS) | 0.9623 (NS) |
Week 1 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Week 2 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Week 3 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Tukey’s Test, Polished Red Wine vs: | ||||
ANOVA | Artificial Saliva | Carrot Juice | Black Tea | |
Day 1 | 0.0068 | 0.0126 | 0.2331 (NS) | 0.0106 |
Week 1 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Week 2 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Week 3 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
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Marafi, A.; Manna, S.; Kunkel, T.; Azarbal, M.; Sukotjo, C.; Wee, A.G.; Antonopoulou, S. The Effect of Extrinsic Staining on 3D Printed Provisional Crowns. Prosthesis 2025, 7, 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis7030047
Marafi A, Manna S, Kunkel T, Azarbal M, Sukotjo C, Wee AG, Antonopoulou S. The Effect of Extrinsic Staining on 3D Printed Provisional Crowns. Prosthesis. 2025; 7(3):47. https://doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis7030047
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarafi, Abdullah, Samantha Manna, Thomas Kunkel, Mohsen Azarbal, Cortino Sukotjo, Alvin G. Wee, and Stavroula Antonopoulou. 2025. "The Effect of Extrinsic Staining on 3D Printed Provisional Crowns" Prosthesis 7, no. 3: 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis7030047
APA StyleMarafi, A., Manna, S., Kunkel, T., Azarbal, M., Sukotjo, C., Wee, A. G., & Antonopoulou, S. (2025). The Effect of Extrinsic Staining on 3D Printed Provisional Crowns. Prosthesis, 7(3), 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis7030047