Unraveling the Variation Pattern of Oncomelania hupensis in the Yangtze River Economic Belt Based on Spatiotemporal Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Sources and Processing
2.3. Descriptive Analysis
2.4. Global Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis
2.5. Hotspot Analysis
2.6. Spatiotemporal Analysis
3. Results
3.1. General Information
3.2. Global Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis
3.3. Hotspot Analysis
3.4. Spatiotemporal Clusters
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Total Snail Habitats | Emerging Snail Habitats | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moran’s I | Z-Score | p-Value | Distribution Model | Moran’s I | Z-Score | p-Value | Distribution Model | |
2015 | 0.49 | 15.94 | 0.00 | Clustered | −0.00 | −0.34 | 0.74 | Non-clustered |
2016 | 0.49 | 16.03 | 0.00 | Clustered | 0.06 | 2.26 | 0.02 | Clustered |
2017 | 0.49 | 15.98 | 0.00 | Clustered | 0.01 | 0.96 | 0.34 | Non-clustered |
2018 | 0.49 | 15.96 | 0.00 | Clustered | 0.12 | 4.55 | 0.00 | Clustered |
2019 | 0.50 | 16.13 | 0.00 | Clustered | −0.00 | −0.29 | 0.77 | Non-clustered |
2020 | 0.50 | 15.89 | 0.00 | Clustered | 0.18 | 7.50 | 0.00 | Clustered |
2021 | 0.50 | 15.95 | 0.00 | Clustered | 0.02 | 0.89 | 0.37 | Non-clustered |
Cluster Area | Cluster Year | Radius (km) | Cluster Center | No. Counties | LLR | RR | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2015–2017 | 122.21 | Junshan District | 26 | 783,294.08 | 9.52 | 0.00 |
2 | 2019–2021 | 85.20 | Duchang County | 18 | 197,892.11 | 5.35 | 0.00 |
3 | 2015–2017 | 0.00 | Daguan District | 1 | 18,123.69 | 18.54 | 0.00 |
4 | 2015–2017 | 0.00 | Yi’an District | 1 | 5168.83 | 4.38 | 0.00 |
5 | 2016–2018 | 27.81 | Jinghu District | 5 | 2294.95 | 1.95 | 0.00 |
6 | 2016 | 0.00 | Runzhou District | 1 | 155.36 | 3.55 | 0.00 |
7 | 2021 | 26.81 | Liuhe District | 2 | 84.25 | 1.38 | 0.00 |
8 | 2017–2018 | 0.00 | Guangling District | 1 | 38.45 | 1.49 | 0.00 |
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Li, L.; Zhang, L.; Li, Y.; Hong, Z.; Wang, Q.; Deng, W.; Li, S.; Xu, J. Unraveling the Variation Pattern of Oncomelania hupensis in the Yangtze River Economic Belt Based on Spatiotemporal Analysis. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8, 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020071
Li L, Zhang L, Li Y, Hong Z, Wang Q, Deng W, Li S, Xu J. Unraveling the Variation Pattern of Oncomelania hupensis in the Yangtze River Economic Belt Based on Spatiotemporal Analysis. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2023; 8(2):71. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020071
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Lu, Lijuan Zhang, Yinlong Li, Zhong Hong, Qiang Wang, Wangping Deng, Shizhu Li, and Jing Xu. 2023. "Unraveling the Variation Pattern of Oncomelania hupensis in the Yangtze River Economic Belt Based on Spatiotemporal Analysis" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 8, no. 2: 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020071